Grainger Jennie T, Maeda Yasuko, Donnelly Suzanne C, Vaizey Carolynne J
The Lennard Jones Intestinal Failure Unit, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 12;11:233-241. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S122868. eCollection 2018.
Intestinal failure (IF) is a condition characterized by the inability to maintain a state of adequate nutrition, or fluid and electrolyte balance due to an anatomical or a physiological disorder of the gastrointestinal system. IF can be an extremely debilitating condition, significantly affecting the quality of life of those affected. The surgical management of patients with acute and chronic IF requires a specialist team who has the expertise in terms of technical challenges and decision-making. A dedicated IF unit will have the expertise in patient selection for surgery, investigative workup and planning, operative risk assessment with relevant anesthetic expertise, and a multidisciplinary team with support such as nutritional expertise and interventional radiology. This article covers the details of IF management, including the classification of IF, etiology, prevention of IF, and initial management of IF, focusing on sepsis treatment and nutritional support. It also covers the surgical aspects of IF such as intestinal reconstruction, abdominal wall reconstruction, and intestinal transplantation.
肠衰竭（IF）是一种由于胃肠道系统的解剖或生理紊乱而导致无法维持充足营养状态或液体及电解质平衡的病症。肠衰竭可能是一种极其使人虚弱的病症，会显著影响患者的生活质量。急性和慢性肠衰竭患者的外科治疗需要一个在技术挑战和决策方面具备专业知识的专家团队。一个专门的肠衰竭治疗单元将具备患者手术选择、检查评估与规划、具备相关麻醉专业知识的手术风险评估方面的专业知识，以及一个拥有营养专业知识和介入放射学等支持的多学科团队。本文涵盖了肠衰竭管理的详细内容，包括肠衰竭的分类、病因、预防以及肠衰竭的初始管理，重点是脓毒症治疗和营养支持。它还涵盖了肠衰竭的外科方面，如肠道重建、腹壁重建和肠道移植。
