1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
2 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
J Hum Lact. 2019 Feb;35(1):100-113. doi: 10.1177/0890334418765464. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Returning to work is one of the main barriers to breastfeeding duration among working mothers in the United States. However, the impact of workplace lactation programs is unclear.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace lactation programs in the United States on breastfeeding practices.
A systematic search was conducted of seven databases through September 2017. Articles ( N = 10) meeting the inclusion criteria of describing a workplace lactation intervention and evaluation in the United States and measuring initiation, exclusivity, or duration using an experimental or observational study design were critically evaluated. Two reviewers conducted quality assessments and reviewed the full-text articles during the analysis.
Common services provided were breast pumps, social support, lactation rooms, and breastfeeding classes. Breastfeeding initiation was very high, ranging from 87% to 98%. Several factors were significantly associated with duration of exclusive breastfeeding: (a) receiving a breast pump for one year (8.3 versus 4.7 months), (b) return-to-work consultations (40% versus 17% at 6 months), and (c) telephone support (42% versus 15% at 6 months). Each additional service (except prenatal education) dose-dependently increased exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months. Sociodemographic information including older maternal age, working part-time, longer maternity leave, and white ethnicity were associated with longer breastfeeding duration.
Workplace lactation interventions increased breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusive breastfeeding, with greater changes observed with more available services. More evidence is needed on the impact of workplace support in low-income populations, and the cost-effectiveness of these programs in reducing health care costs.
对于美国的职业女性而言，重返工作岗位是延长母乳喂养时间的主要障碍之一。然而，工作场所哺乳计划的影响尚不清楚。
本研究旨在评估美国工作场所哺乳计划对母乳喂养实践的有效性。
通过 2017 年 9 月对七个数据库进行了系统搜索。符合纳入标准的文章（N=10）描述了美国的工作场所哺乳干预措施和评估，并使用实验或观察性研究设计来衡量起始、专属性或持续时间，对这些文章进行了严格评估。两位评审员在分析过程中进行了质量评估并审查了全文文章。
常见的服务包括吸奶器、社会支持、哺乳室和母乳喂养课程。母乳喂养的起始率非常高，范围从 87%到 98%。几个因素与纯母乳喂养的持续时间显著相关：（a）提供一年的吸奶器（8.3 个月与 4.7 个月），（b）重返工作岗位咨询（6 个月时 40%与 17%），（c）电话支持（6 个月时 42%与 15%）。每种额外的服务（除了产前教育）都与 6 个月时纯母乳喂养的增加呈剂量依赖性相关。社会人口统计学信息，包括母亲年龄较大、兼职工作、产假较长和白人种族，与母乳喂养时间延长有关。
工作场所哺乳干预措施增加了母乳喂养的起始率、持续时间和专属性，可提供更多服务时，变化更为显著。需要更多证据来证明工作场所支持对低收入人群的影响，以及这些项目在降低医疗保健成本方面的成本效益。
