Trckova Martina, Lorencova Alena, Babak Vladimir, Neca Jiri, Ciganek Miroslav
Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
Res Vet Sci. 2018 Aug;119:134-142. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
A three-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of leonardite and lignite, natural sources of humic substances, on selected indicators of health status of weaned piglets. A total of 45 weaned piglets were assigned to three dietary treatments: Control - basal diet without any medication; Leonardite or Lignite - diet supplemented with lignite or leonardite at a dose of 20 g/kg, respectively. Leonardite differed from lignite in the content of humic substances and minerals. Diarrhoea incidence and severity, growth performance, haematological and biochemical status, biomarkers of oxidative stress, serum fatty acid (FA) profile and faecal microbiota composition were monitored. Significantly lower faecal score, diarrhoea incidence, serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, higher body weight gain and no mortality were observed in leonardite and lignite group. The supplemented groups had or tended to have higher haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocyte counts, iron, cholesterol and lower urea in blood. Increased serum minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) were detected in the leonardite group. Different effects of leonardite and lignite on serum FA profile were detected. Significantly lower proportion of saturated FA, higher unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated (PUFA) n-3 FA and PUFA n6/n3 ratio were detected in leonardite group compared to lignite group. Both treatments decreased microbial diversity and richness of faecal microbiota at the genus level. Specifically, lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Anaerovibrio, Oscillospira, SMB53, Ruminococcus, and a tendency to a higher abundance of Prevotella was found compared to control group. Natural humic materials may provide benefit to piglets' heath in the difficult post-weaning period.
进行了一项为期三周的试验，以评估天然腐殖物质来源的风化煤和褐煤对断奶仔猪健康状况选定指标的影响。总共45头断奶仔猪被分配到三种日粮处理组：对照组——不添加任何药物的基础日粮；风化煤组或褐煤组——分别以20 g/kg的剂量添加风化煤或褐煤的日粮。风化煤在腐殖物质和矿物质含量方面与褐煤不同。监测腹泻发生率和严重程度、生长性能、血液学和生化状况、氧化应激生物标志物、血清脂肪酸（FA）谱和粪便微生物群组成。在风化煤组和褐煤组中观察到粪便评分、腹泻发生率、氧化应激血清生物标志物显著降低，体重增加更高且无死亡情况。添加组的血细胞比容、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、铁、胆固醇较高，血液中尿素较低或有此趋势。在风化煤组中检测到血清矿物质（钙、磷、镁）增加。检测到风化煤和褐煤对血清FA谱有不同影响。与褐煤组相比，风化煤组中饱和FA比例显著降低，不饱和、单不饱和、多不饱和（PUFA）n-3 FA和PUFA n6/n3比值较高。两种处理均降低了粪便微生物群在属水平上的微生物多样性和丰富度。具体而言，与对照组相比，厚壁菌门、拟杆菌属、厌氧弧菌属、颤螺菌属、SMB53、瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度较低，普雷沃菌属有较高丰度的趋势。天然腐殖物质可能在断奶后的困难时期对仔猪健康有益。
