Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Occupational Medicine, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 22;13(6):e0198588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198588. eCollection 2018.
Increasing individual subjective well-being has various positive outcomes, knowledge about its antecedents and the mediators of this relationship can therefore help to increase subjective well-being and the accompanying positive effects. The more future oriented facets of psychological capital, i.e. optimism, hope and self-efficacy have been shown in several studies to be positively related to subjective well-being and negatively to ill-being. Furthermore, recent studies suggest coping strategies as mediators for these relationships. In our study, we examined the longitudinal relation of optimism, hope and self-efficacy with subjective well-being and ill-being in a German panel dataset and tested the mediating effect of flexible goal adjustment in a path model. Our results show a statistically significant positive effect of self-efficacy and optimism on subjective well-being as well as a statistically significant negative effect of optimism on depression over three years. All three predictors show a statistically significant relation with flexible goal adjustment, but flexible goal adjustment did not mediate the effect on subjective well-being or depression.
提高个体的主观幸福感会带来各种积极的结果，因此，了解其前因和这种关系的中介因素可以帮助提高主观幸福感和随之而来的积极影响。心理资本中更具未来导向的方面，即乐观、希望和自我效能感，在多项研究中被证明与主观幸福感呈正相关，与不良幸福感呈负相关。此外，最近的研究表明，应对策略是这些关系的中介因素。在我们的研究中，我们在一个德国面板数据集里考察了乐观、希望和自我效能感与主观幸福感和不良幸福感的纵向关系，并在路径模型中测试了灵活目标调整的中介作用。我们的研究结果表明，自我效能感和乐观对主观幸福感有统计学上显著的正向影响，而乐观对抑郁的影响在三年内也有统计学上显著的负向影响。这三个预测因素都与灵活的目标调整有统计学上显著的关系，但灵活的目标调整并没有在主观幸福感或抑郁方面起到中介作用。
