Yu Miao, Jiang Jing-Long, Ren Xu-Ming, Li Li, Jiao Cheng-Jin, Yang Ling-Juan, Xu Hao
College of Biological Science and Engineering, College ofChemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
College of Chemical Engineering & Technology, College of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2018 May;43(10):2038-2047. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180307.006.
The root rot disease is a common disease during the cultivation of Panax quinquefolius. In order to provide some clues for solving the root rot disease of P. quinquefolius, the relationship between rhizosphere soil fungal communities and root rot of P. quinquefolius was investigated in this study. The diversities and the changes of fungal communities structure in blank control group (group C), rhizosphere soil of healthy P. quinquefolius (group N) and occurrence of root rot in rhizosphere soil of P. quinquefolius (group R)were analyzed byusing the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 505 968 high-quality sequences were obtained through high-throughput sequencing and the rare faction curves analysis showed that the sequencing depth was sufficient and the sampling was reasonable. The fungal communities structure of rhizosphere soil samples mainly belonged to 9 phylums including Ascomycota(54.9%), Basidiomycota(5.6%), etc., and the dominant specie was Ascomycota of the total fungal identified, respectively. The 115 genera of fungi were tested, including Monographella (3.9%), Archaeorhizomyces (3.9%), Mortierella, etc., and the dominant specie was Monographella. At the genus level, the abundance of Monographella and Mortierella in group R increased significantly compared with the abundance in groups C and N. Alpha diversity index of species showed that the diversity index of fungal communities reduced and the numbers of fungi reduced in group N and R, compared with group C, and reaching the minimum in group R. Beta diversity index of species showed that there was a significant difference in the fungal communities structure in each sample. In addition, the heat map analysis revealed that the dominant fungal genera were significantly different among the each sample. The proportion of Monographella and Mortierella in group R was significantly higher than that in group C and N, while the proportion of Trichoderma,Penicillium and Cadophora in group R was extremely low. The proportion of Phoma and Gibberella in group R increased significantly compared with group C. This study clarified the decline of diversity index and the imbalance of community structure in fungi may lead to the occurrence of root rot in P. quinquefolius by analysis of fungal diversity and community composition in the rhizosphere soil of P. quinquefolius in this study, which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of occurrence of root rot in P. quinquefolius.
根腐病是西洋参栽培过程中的常见病害。为解决西洋参根腐病提供线索，本研究对西洋参根际土壤真菌群落与根腐病的关系进行了调查。采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，分析了空白对照组（C组）、健康西洋参根际土壤（N组）和西洋参根腐病发生时根际土壤（R组）真菌群落的多样性及结构变化。通过高通量测序共获得505968条高质量序列，稀有种群曲线分析表明测序深度足够且采样合理。根际土壤样品的真菌群落结构主要属于9个门，包括子囊菌门（54.9%）、担子菌门（5.6%）等，在已鉴定的总真菌中优势菌门为子囊菌门。检测到115个真菌属，包括单格孢属（3.9%）、古根菌属（3.9%）、被孢霉属等，优势菌属为单格孢属。在属水平上，R组中单格孢属和被孢霉属的丰度与C组和N组相比显著增加。物种α多样性指数表明，与C组相比，N组和R组真菌群落的多样性指数降低，真菌数量减少，且在R组达到最小值。物种β多样性指数表明，各样本的真菌群落结构存在显著差异。此外，热图分析显示各样本间优势真菌属存在显著差异。R组中单格孢属和被孢霉属的比例显著高于C组和N组，而R组中木霉属、青霉属和卡多孢属的比例极低。R组中茎点霉属和赤霉属的比例与C组相比显著增加。本研究通过分析西洋参根际土壤真菌多样性和群落组成，阐明了真菌多样性指数下降和群落结构失衡可能导致西洋参根腐病的发生，为西洋参根腐病的防治提供了理论依据。
