Department of Biomedical Research, United States; Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, United States.
Department of Biomedical Research, United States; Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2018 Oct;54:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure is likely to be pervasive; yet, the occurrence of NTM-related diseases is relatively infrequent. This discrepancy suggests that host risk factors play an integral role in vulnerability to NTM infections. Isolated NTM lung disease (NTM-LD) is often due to underlying anatomical pulmonary or immune disorders, either of which may be acquired or genetic. However, many cases of NTM-LD have no known underlying risk factors and may be multigenic and/or multicausative. In contrast, extrapulmonary visceral or disseminated NTM diseases almost always have an underlying severe immunodeficiency, which may also be acquired or genetic. NTM cell wall components play a key role in pathogenesis and as inducers of the host immune response.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）广泛存在于环境中，人类接触的可能性很高；然而，NTM 相关疾病的发生相对较少。这种差异表明，宿主危险因素在易患 NTM 感染方面起着重要作用。孤立性 NTM 肺部疾病（NTM-LD）通常是由于解剖学上的肺部或免疫障碍引起的，这些障碍可能是获得性的或遗传性的。然而，许多 NTM-LD 病例没有已知的潜在危险因素，可能是多基因和/或多病因的。相比之下，肺外内脏或播散性 NTM 疾病几乎总是有潜在的严重免疫缺陷，这也可能是获得性的或遗传性的。NTM 细胞壁成分在发病机制和宿主免疫反应的诱导中起着关键作用。
