Hussein Hosni A M, Okafor Ikenna B, Walker Lia R, Abdel-Raouf Usama M, Akula Shaw M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
Arch Virol. 2018 Oct;163(10):2633-2643. doi: 10.1007/s00705-018-3918-3. Epub 2018 Jun 23.
Oncogenic viruses carry an extensive arsenal of oncogenes for hijacking cellular pathways. Notably, variations in oncogenes among tumor-producing viruses give rise to different mechanisms for cellular transformation. Specifically, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus able to infect and transform a variety of cell types. The oncogenicity of KSHV disseminates from the virus' ability to induce and encode a wide variety of both cellular and viral oncogenes. Such an array of cellular and viral oncogenes enables KSHV to induce the malignant phenotype of a KSHV-associated cancer. Evolutionarily, KSHV has acquired many oncogenic homologues capable of inducing cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell survival, and immune evasion. Integration between inducing and encoding oncogenes plays a vital role in KSHV pathogenicity. KSHV is alleged to harbor the highest number of potential oncogenes by which a virus promotes cellular transformation and malignancy. Many KSHV inducing/encoding oncogenes are mainly expressed during the latent phase of KSHV infection, a period required for virus establishment of malignant cellular transformation. Elucidation of the exact mechanism(s) by which oncogenes promote KSHV pathogenicity would not only give rise to potential novel therapeutic targets/drugs but would also add to our understanding of cancer biology. The scope of this review is to examine the roles of the most important cellular and viral oncogenes involved in KSHV pathogenicity.
致癌病毒携带大量致癌基因，用于劫持细胞通路。值得注意的是，产生肿瘤的病毒之间致癌基因的差异导致细胞转化的机制不同。具体而言，卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）是一种致癌病毒，能够感染并转化多种细胞类型。KSHV的致癌性源于其诱导和编码多种细胞及病毒致癌基因的能力。这样一系列的细胞和病毒致癌基因使KSHV能够诱导与KSHV相关癌症的恶性表型。在进化过程中，KSHV获得了许多能够诱导细胞增殖、细胞分化、细胞存活和免疫逃逸的致癌同源物。诱导和编码致癌基因之间的整合在KSHV致病性中起着至关重要的作用。据称，KSHV拥有数量最多的潜在致癌基因，病毒通过这些基因促进细胞转化和恶性肿瘤形成。许多KSHV诱导/编码的致癌基因主要在KSHV感染的潜伏期表达，这是病毒建立恶性细胞转化所需的时期。阐明致癌基因促进KSHV致病性的确切机制不仅会产生潜在的新型治疗靶点/药物，还会增进我们对癌症生物学的理解。本综述的范围是研究参与KSHV致病性的最重要的细胞和病毒致癌基因的作用。
