From the Department of Pathology, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018 Jul;142(7):871-875. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0117-RS.
Lipoplasty, or liposuction, the surgical process of removing excess fat, is an elective procedure with rising frequency in the United States. Fat embolism syndrome is a clinical diagnosis and is defined as fat in the circulation with an identifiable clinical pattern of signs and symptoms (eg, hypoxemia, respiratory insufficiency, neurologic impairment, and petechial rash) that occur in the appropriate clinical context. Fat embolism syndrome following liposuction is a life-threatening complication, although its incidence is low. Currently, there is no specific therapy for fat embolism syndrome, so prevention, early detection, and supportive therapy are critical. Many cases of fat embolism syndrome are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed; however, postmortem examination can provide the means for appropriate diagnosis. Therefore, a pathologist must keep a keen eye, as microscopic fat emboli are difficult to appreciate with routine tissue processing and staining.
抽脂术，又称吸脂术，是一种通过手术去除多余脂肪的方法，在美国的应用频率不断上升。脂肪栓塞综合征是一种临床诊断，定义为脂肪在循环中，具有可识别的临床特征和症状（如低氧血症、呼吸功能不全、神经功能障碍和瘀点皮疹），并发生在适当的临床环境中。抽脂术后脂肪栓塞综合征是一种危及生命的并发症，尽管其发病率较低。目前，脂肪栓塞综合征没有特定的治疗方法，因此预防、早期发现和支持性治疗至关重要。许多脂肪栓塞综合征的病例未被诊断或误诊；然而，尸检可以提供适当的诊断手段。因此，病理学家必须保持敏锐的目光，因为常规组织处理和染色很难观察到微小的脂肪栓塞。
