Department of Hygiene and Ecomedicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Environ Res. 2018 Oct;166:458-465. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.031. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
Recent years have seen growing, but still tentative, evidence of the potential associations of environmental noise and air pollution with mental disorders. In the present study, we aimed to examine the associations between residential noise and air pollution exposures and general mental health in young adults with a focus on underlying processes METHODS: We sampled 720 students (18-35 years) from one university in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Residential noise (L; day equivalent noise level) and air pollution (NO) were assessed at participant's residential address by land use regression models. General mental health was measured with a short form of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The following putative mediators were considered: annoyance from environmental pollution, sleep disturbance, restorative quality of the neighborhood, neighborhood social cohesion, and commuting/leisure time physical activity. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the theoretically-indicated interplay between exposures, mediators, and GHQ.
We observed an association between higher L and GHQ, in which environmental annoyance and neighborhood restorative quality emerged as key mediators. First, L was associated with higher annoyance, and through it with lower restorative quality, and then in turn with lower physical activity, and thus with higher GHQ. Simultaneously, higher annoyance was associated with higher sleep disturbance, and thereby with higher GHQ. NO had no overall association with GHQ, but it was indirectly associated with it through higher annoyance, lower restorative quality, and lower physical activity working in serial.
We found evidence that increased residential noise was related to mental ill-health through several indirect pathways. Air pollution was associated with mental health only indirectly.
近年来，越来越多的证据表明环境噪声和空气污染可能与精神障碍有关，但这些证据仍然存在不确定性。本研究旨在探讨居住噪声和空气污染暴露与年轻人一般心理健康之间的关系，并特别关注潜在的作用机制。
我们从保加利亚普罗夫迪夫市的一所大学抽取了 720 名学生（18-35 岁）作为研究对象。通过土地利用回归模型，在参与者的居住地址评估居住噪声（L; 日等效噪声水平）和空气污染（NO）。使用一般健康问卷（GHQ）的简短形式测量一般心理健康状况。考虑了以下潜在的中介因素：对环境污染的烦恼、睡眠障碍、邻里恢复质量、邻里社会凝聚力以及通勤/休闲时间的身体活动。结构方程模型用于分析暴露、中介和 GHQ 之间的理论指示相互作用。
我们观察到 L 与 GHQ 之间存在关联，其中环境烦恼和邻里恢复质量是关键的中介因素。首先，L 与更高的烦恼有关，通过烦恼与更低的恢复质量有关，进而与更低的身体活动有关，从而与更高的 GHQ 有关。同时，更高的烦恼与更高的睡眠障碍有关，从而与更高的 GHQ 有关。NO 与 GHQ 总体上没有关联，但它通过更高的烦恼、更低的恢复质量和更低的身体活动间接与 GHQ 相关，这些因素依次发挥作用。
我们发现，居住噪声的增加通过几种间接途径与心理健康不良有关。空气污染仅通过间接途径与心理健康相关。
