Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Henrietta Szold 8, Safed 13115, Israel.
Ziv Medical Center, Derech HaRambam St., Safed 13100 Israel.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2018 Jul 1;42(4):489-499. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy018.
Antibiotics are the most common type of medication prescribed to children, including infants, in the Western world. While use of antibiotics has transformed previously lethal infections into relatively minor diseases, antibiotic treatments can have adverse effects as well. It has been shown in children, adults and animal models that antibiotics dramatically alter the gut microbial composition. Since the gut microbiota plays crucial roles in immunity, metabolism and endocrinology, the effects of antibiotics on the microbiota may lead to further health complications. In this review, we present an overview of the effects of antibiotics on the microbiome in children, and correlate them to long-lasting complications of obesity, behavior, allergies, autoimmunity and other diseases.
抗生素是西方世界最常见的儿童（包括婴儿）用药。虽然抗生素的使用已经将以前致命的感染转化为相对较小的疾病，但抗生素治疗也可能产生不良反应。研究表明，抗生素会显著改变肠道微生物组成。由于肠道微生物群在免疫、代谢和内分泌学中起着至关重要的作用，抗生素对微生物群的影响可能导致进一步的健康并发症。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了抗生素对儿童微生物组的影响，并将其与肥胖、行为、过敏、自身免疫和其他疾病的长期并发症联系起来。
