Domaradzka Ewa, Fajkowska Małgorzata
Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 12;9:856. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00856. eCollection 2018.
The identification of distinctive and overlapping features of anxiety and depression remains an important scientific problem. Currently, the literature does not allow to determine stable similarities and differences in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in anxiety and depression, especially concerning the adaptive strategies. Consequently, the aim of this study was to identify the overlapping and distinctive patterns of CERS use in the recently proposed types of anxiety and depression in a general population. In this dimensional approach, types of anxiety and depression are considered as personality types and distinguished based on their specific structural composition and functional role (reactive or regulative) in stimulation processing. 1,632 participants from a representative sample completed the Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (measuring the Arousal and Apprehension Types of anxiety and the Valence and Anhedonic Types of depression) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Regression analyses were conducted with the affective types as predictors. The co-occurrence of the types was accounted for in order to examine their independent relationships with the CERS. We found that reactive arousal anxiety was not related to any strategies, while regulative apprehension anxiety primarily predicted the use of rumination, which is presumably related to the type's cognitive structural components. The strategy specific to reactive valence depression was other-blame (as predicted by the high negative affect in its structure), and the regulative, most structurally complex anhedonic depression predicted the use of the largest number of strategies, including the adaptive ones. The relationships between the types of depression and self-blame and refocus on planning were moderated by sex but the effects were small. These findings fit into the current trend of exploring the shared and specific features of anxiety and depression, which might facilitate their differentiation by identifying CERS that are characteristic for the specific types. This information can be used for supporting diagnosis and targeting selected strategies in therapy both in clinical and non-clinical populations.
焦虑和抑郁的独特特征及重叠特征的识别仍是一个重要的科学问题。目前，文献尚无法确定焦虑和抑郁在认知情绪调节策略（CERS）使用方面稳定的异同，尤其是关于适应性策略。因此，本研究的目的是在普通人群中，识别最近提出的焦虑和抑郁类型中CERS使用的重叠模式和独特模式。在这种维度方法中，焦虑和抑郁类型被视为个性类型，并根据其在刺激处理中的特定结构组成和功能作用（反应性或调节性）加以区分。来自代表性样本的1632名参与者完成了焦虑和抑郁问卷（测量焦虑的唤醒和担忧类型以及抑郁的效价和快感缺失类型）和认知情绪调节问卷。以情感类型作为预测变量进行回归分析。考虑了各类型的共现情况，以检验它们与CERS的独立关系。我们发现，反应性唤醒焦虑与任何策略均无关联，而调节性担忧焦虑主要预测了反刍的使用，这可能与该类型的认知结构成分有关。反应性效价抑郁特有的策略是责备他人（如其结构中的高负性情绪所预测），而调节性、结构最复杂的快感缺失抑郁预测了最多策略的使用，包括适应性策略。抑郁类型与自责和重新聚焦计划之间的关系受到性别的调节，但影响较小。这些发现符合当前探索焦虑和抑郁共同特征与特定特征的趋势，这可能通过识别特定类型所特有的CERS来促进它们的区分。这些信息可用于支持临床和非临床人群的诊断以及在治疗中针对选定的策略。
