Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, 89520-000, Brazil.
Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, 89520-000, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Aug;25(24):24143-24149. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2481-5. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
Metsulfuron-methyl is a common active ingredient recommended for use in pre- and post-emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in crops, usually applied with mineral oil as adjuvant to enhance its efficiency. Despite the increasing use of this herbicide, there are no information on its ecotoxicity effects to soil fauna. Avoidance and lethality tests were performed with earthworms and collembolans using tropical artificial soil contaminated with formulated products Ally® (600 g L metsulfuron-methyl) and Assist® (756 g L mineral oil) as adjuvant. Lethality test with earthworms showed no difference when tested with or without adjuvant. When Ally® was tested alone, it caused avoidance behavior only at high concentrations (5000 and 10,000 times field predicted dose). However, Assist® addition changed the response of soil invertebrates increasing the avoidance even at field predicted doses. The toxicity of the adjuvant was confirmed in tests exposing collembolans and earthworms to Assist® alone resulting in avoidance behavior. The results clearly show that the addition of mineral oil enhanced the ecotoxicity of metsulfuron-methyl. This study provides an important contribution to the knowledge on the toxicity of metsulfuron-methyl and indicates that adjuvants should be considered in risk assessment of pesticides, considering that under field conditions, these products are applied together.
甲磺隆是一种常用的活性成分，推荐用于作物播前和播后防治一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草，通常与矿物油一起作为助剂使用，以提高其效率。尽管这种除草剂的使用越来越多，但关于它对土壤无脊椎动物的生态毒性影响的信息还没有。使用热带人工土壤进行了对蚯蚓和弹尾目动物的回避和致死试验，这些土壤被含有配方产品 Ally®（600 g/L 甲磺隆）和 Assist®（756 g/L 矿物油）的制剂污染。在没有助剂的情况下进行的蚯蚓致死试验没有差异。当 Ally®单独测试时，仅在高浓度（田间预测剂量的 5000 倍和 10000 倍）时才会引起回避行为。然而，添加 Assist®改变了土壤无脊椎动物的反应，即使在田间预测剂量下也会引起回避。在单独暴露于 Assist®的试验中，暴露于 Assist®的弹尾目动物和蚯蚓的试验证实了助剂的毒性，导致回避行为。结果清楚地表明，矿物油的添加增强了甲磺隆的生态毒性。本研究为甲磺隆的毒性知识做出了重要贡献，并表明在评估农药风险时应考虑助剂，因为在田间条件下，这些产品是一起使用的。
