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上学的问题……或者如何驯服一匹马。

The Issue of Schooling….or How to Tame a Horse.

作者信息

Dorsch Hans

机构信息

Department for Culture and Globalization, Associated (but not a formal part of) Centre for Cultural Psychology, Niels Bohr Professorship, Aalborg University, Kroghsstraede 3, 4.117, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark.

出版信息

Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2018 Sep;52(3):459-473. doi: 10.1007/s12124-018-9437-7.

Abstract

The issue of schooling is being thoroughly analysed by a number of excellent scholars in this special issue. It is a very comprehensive analytical work which I intend to take into a commentary consideration in this brief article. Schooling is a matter of great and recent concern not the least from a political point of view, where schooling seems to take on a specific role that deals with not only schooling as a normativity but also schooling as the absolute forming of students. Despite ongoing disagreements on what kind of schooling may prove the best as well as the correct form of education as a whole, in this paper I argue that relevant science may have a pretty good idea as to how to apply schooling in such a way as to ensure that teaching is applied equally efficient. It is, however, slightly more difficult to see how this very same science and the above mentioned knowledge finds its way into educational policies not to mention finding its way into the classroom. I argue, that schooling is not (surprisingly and not only) society's tool for data delivery and data interpretation, but also (and perhaps rather) some certain specific actors of society's tool for culturalization. This thereby changes schooling from being an educational tool only, a mere transfer of data and a formation of students into a political tool, thus creating a notion of schooling being more or less synonymous with a different kind of formation, a formation of a quite specific nature to suit quite specific properties. I claim these properties to be of an economic, market oriented and universalist nature. I therefore wish to draw attention to two aspects of interest: the oddity of science's position in this matter, where science appears to have plausible answers as to how the best possible schooling looks like, however, at the same time - not surprisingly - also seem to live up to politically phrased demands in accordance with the premise of the competition state. This, off course, give rise to further questions on the necessity of politically independent universities and the pressure they underlie.

摘要

本期特刊中有多位优秀学者对学校教育问题进行了全面分析。这是一项非常全面的分析工作,我打算在这篇简短的文章中对其进行评论性思考。学校教育是一个近期备受关注的重要问题,尤其是从政治角度来看,学校教育似乎扮演着一个特殊的角色,它不仅涉及作为规范性的学校教育,还涉及作为对学生进行绝对塑造的学校教育。尽管对于哪种学校教育可能是最好的以及作为整体的正确教育形式仍存在持续的分歧,但在本文中我认为,相关学科可能对如何以确保教学能同样高效应用的方式来实施学校教育有相当不错的想法。然而,要明白这同一学科以及上述知识如何进入教育政策,更不用说进入课堂,就稍微困难一些。我认为,学校教育不仅(并不奇怪且不仅仅)是社会进行数据传递和数据解读的工具,而且(或许更是)社会中某些特定行为体进行文化教化的工具。这从而将学校教育从仅仅是一种教育工具、单纯的数据传递和学生塑造转变为一种政治工具,进而产生了一种观念,即学校教育或多或少与一种不同类型的塑造同义,一种具有相当特定性质以适应相当特定属性的塑造。我认为这些属性具有经济、市场导向和普遍主义的性质。因此,我想提请关注两个有趣的方面:科学在这个问题上的奇特立场,科学似乎对最佳的学校教育应该是什么样有合理的答案,但与此同时——并不奇怪——似乎也符合竞争型国家前提下政治表述的要求。当然,这引发了关于政治独立大学的必要性及其所承受压力的进一步问题。

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