Nutrition Graduate Course, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
Heart Failure and Transplant Group-Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2018 Jun 26;10(7):828. doi: 10.3390/nu10070828.
Diet is an important factor in secondary prevention of heart failure (HF) but there is still no consensus as to which dietary model should be adopted by this population. This systematic review aims to clarify the relationship between dietary patterns and secondary prevention in HF.
We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies with different dietary patterns and outcomes of secondary prevention in HF. No limitation was used in the search.
1119 articles were identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Studies with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets were found. The DASH pattern showed improvement in cardiac function, functional capacity, blood pressure, oxidative stress and mortality. The Mediterranean diet had a correlation with inflammation, quality of life and cardiac function but just on cross-sectional studies. Regarding the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets only one study was found with each pattern and both were able to improve functional capacity in patients with HF.
DASH pattern may have benefits in the secondary prevention of HF. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated positive correlation with factors of secondary prevention of HF but need more RCTs and cohort studies to confirm these effects. In addition, the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets, despite the lack of studies, also demonstrated positive effects on the functional capacity in patients with HF.
饮食是心力衰竭（HF）二级预防的重要因素，但对于该人群应采用哪种饮食模式仍未达成共识。本系统评价旨在阐明饮食模式与 HF 二级预防之间的关系。
我们检索了 Medline、Embase 和 Cochrane 数据库中不同饮食模式与 HF 二级预防结局相关的研究。搜索时未对文献进行任何限制。
共确定了 1119 篇文章，其中 12 篇符合纳入标准。研究涉及的饮食模式包括膳食方法防治高血压（DASH）饮食、地中海饮食、高蛋白饮食和低碳水化合物饮食。DASH 模式可改善心功能、功能能力、血压、氧化应激和死亡率。地中海饮食与炎症、生活质量和心功能相关，但仅基于横断面研究。至于高蛋白饮食和低碳水化合物饮食，每种模式仅发现了一项研究，两者均能改善 HF 患者的功能能力。
DASH 模式可能有益于 HF 的二级预防。地中海饮食与 HF 二级预防的因素具有相关性，但需要更多的 RCT 和队列研究来证实这些效果。此外，尽管研究较少，但高蛋白饮食和低碳水化合物饮食也对 HF 患者的功能能力产生了积极影响。
