Baltar Valéria Troncoso, Cunha Diana Barbosa, Santos Roberta de Oliveira, Marchioni Dirce Maria, Sichieri Rosely
Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil.
Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2018 Jun 25;34(6):e00111917. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00111917.
The objective was to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), skipping breakfast, and breakfast patterns in Brazilian adults. We analyzed data of 21,003 individuals aged between 20 to 59 from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009. Breakfast was defined as the eating occasion between 5 and 10a.m. with the highest usual food consumption (exceeding 50Kcal/209.2kJ). Dietary patterns were derived by the factor analysis of 18 food groups (usual intake). Controlling for confounders linear regressions of BMI were used to verify the associations considering the survey design. Skipping breakfast was not associated with BMI. Three breakfast patterns were observed (48% variability): Brazilian Northern (positive loading for meats, preparations with corn, eggs, tubers/roots/potatoes, dairy products, savory snacks/crackers, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks); Western (positive for fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, sandwiches/pizza, baked/deep-fried snacks, chocolate/desserts, cakes/cookies) and Brazilian Southeastern (cold cut meat, milk, cheese, coffee/tea, bread). The Brazilian Southeastern pattern was inversely associated with BMI, while the Brazilian Northern pattern was directly associated with it. Therefore, the results suggest a role for breakfast quality in the association with BMI. Thus, a Brazilian Southeastern breakfast usual intake may be inversely associated with BMI.
目的是调查巴西成年人的体重指数（BMI）、不吃早餐与早餐模式之间的关系。我们分析了来自2008 - 2009年巴西全国饮食调查的21003名年龄在20至59岁之间的个体的数据。早餐被定义为上午5点至10点之间食物摄入量最高（超过50千卡/209.2千焦）的饮食时段。饮食模式通过对18个食物组（通常摄入量）的因子分析得出。考虑到调查设计，在控制混杂因素的情况下，使用BMI的线性回归来验证关联。不吃早餐与BMI无关。观察到三种早餐模式（变异率48%）：巴西北部模式（肉类、玉米制品、鸡蛋、块茎/根类/土豆、乳制品、咸味小吃/饼干、果汁/水果饮料/大豆饮品的正向负荷）；西方模式（果汁/水果饮料/大豆饮品、三明治/披萨、烘焙/油炸小吃、巧克力/甜点、蛋糕/饼干的正向负荷）和巴西东南部模式（冷切肉、牛奶、奶酪、咖啡/茶、面包）。巴西东南部模式与BMI呈负相关，而巴西北部模式与之呈正相关。因此，结果表明早餐质量在与BMI的关联中起作用。所以，巴西东南部常见的早餐摄入量可能与BMI呈负相关。
