净零排放能源系统。

Net-zero emissions energy systems.

机构信息

Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

出版信息

Science. 2018 Jun 29;360(6396). doi: 10.1126/science.aas9793.

DOI:10.1126/science.aas9793

PMID:29954954

Abstract

Some energy services and industrial processes-such as long-distance freight transport, air travel, highly reliable electricity, and steel and cement manufacturing-are particularly difficult to provide without adding carbon dioxide (CO) to the atmosphere. Rapidly growing demand for these services, combined with long lead times for technology development and long lifetimes of energy infrastructure, make decarbonization of these services both essential and urgent. We examine barriers and opportunities associated with these difficult-to-decarbonize services and processes, including possible technological solutions and research and development priorities. A range of existing technologies could meet future demands for these services and processes without net addition of CO to the atmosphere, but their use may depend on a combination of cost reductions via research and innovation, as well as coordinated deployment and integration of operations across currently discrete energy industries.

摘要

一些能源服务和工业流程——如长途货运、航空旅行、高度可靠的电力以及钢铁和水泥制造——在不向大气中添加二氧化碳（CO）的情况下特别难以提供。对这些服务的需求迅速增长，加上技术开发的前置时间长和能源基础设施的使用寿命长，使得这些服务的脱碳既必要又紧迫。我们研究了与这些难以脱碳的服务和流程相关的障碍和机会，包括可能的技术解决方案和研究与开发重点。一系列现有的技术可以满足未来对这些服务和流程的需求，而不会向大气中净添加 CO，但它们的使用可能取决于通过研究和创新降低成本，以及协调部署和整合目前离散的能源行业的运营。