Caldwell John P, Chen Lin H, Hamer Davidson H
Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2018 Jun 29;20(9):30. doi: 10.1007/s11908-018-0635-8.
We examine the present global burden of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in endemic populations, summarize published cases in travelers since 2009, examine current guidelines for vaccination for international travelers, and consider challenges in prevention of this vector-borne disease.
We identified 11 JE cases in travelers that were published in peer-reviewed literature since 2009. JE incidence in endemic countries appears to be declining but the number of JE cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) varied from estimates derived from other published reports based on serosurveys or sentinel surveillance. Current JE vaccines appear to be safe and are not associated with delayed hypersensitivity in contrast to the older mouse brain vaccine. Given differences between WHO-reported cases and local surveillance data, future research on true incidence is needed. Regular assessment will inform JE risk in travelers. National and international guidelines on JE vaccination varied; we suggest areas for improvement.
我们研究了日本脑炎（乙脑）在流行地区人群中的当前全球负担，总结了自2009年以来旅行者中的已发表病例，研究了国际旅行者当前的疫苗接种指南，并考虑了预防这种媒介传播疾病的挑战。
我们在自2009年以来发表于同行评审文献中的旅行者中确定了11例乙脑病例。流行国家的乙脑发病率似乎在下降，但向世界卫生组织（WHO）报告的乙脑病例数与基于血清学调查或哨点监测的其他已发表报告得出的估计数有所不同。与旧的鼠脑疫苗相比，目前的乙脑疫苗似乎是安全的，且与迟发型超敏反应无关。鉴于WHO报告的病例与当地监测数据之间存在差异，需要对真实发病率进行进一步研究。定期评估将为旅行者的乙脑风险提供信息。关于乙脑疫苗接种的国家和国际指南各不相同；我们提出了改进的方向。
