Muñoz Torrecillas María J, Cruz Rambaud Salvador, Takahashi Taiki
Department of Economics and Business, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Front Public Health. 2018 Jun 15;6:176. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00176. eCollection 2018.
The Mediterranean Diet (hereinafter MD) is considered a healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to this pattern can be assessed by means of the KIDMED test by which individuals are assigned an index and classified into three groups of adherence to MD: high, medium, and low. In addition, impulsivity or impatience in intertemporal choice has been defined as a strong preference for small immediate rewards over large delayed ones. This study examines the relationship between dietary habits, specifically Mediterranean dietary pattern, measured by the KIDMED index, and the exhibited impatience in intertemporal choices, by means of the parameter (discount rate of the hyperbolic discount function). A sample of 207 university students answered a questionnaire based on two tests: the KIDMED test, to assess the degree of adherence to MD, and an intertemporal choice questionnaire, to assess impatience or impulsivity. Individuals were grouped depending on their KIDMED score and then the discount rate or impulsivity parameter was calculated for each group. Discount rates were inversely related to the degree of adherence to MD. The values of overall were 1.53, 1.91, and 3.71% for the groups exhibiting high, medium and low adherence to MD, respectively. We also found higher -values for larger rewards (magnitude effect) in the three groups. High adherence to MD is related to less steep time discounting, which implies less impulsivity (more self-control) or lower discount rates. Conversely, low adherence to MD is related to steeper time discounting, which implies impulsivity or higher discount rates. These findings could be used to identify the target population where policy interventions are needed in order to promote healthier diet habits.
地中海饮食（以下简称MD）被认为是一种健康的饮食模式。可以通过KIDMED测试来评估对这种饮食模式的依从性，通过该测试为个体分配一个指数，并将其分为对MD依从性的三组：高、中、低。此外，跨期选择中的冲动或不耐烦被定义为强烈偏好小的即时奖励而非大的延迟奖励。本研究通过参数（双曲贴现函数的贴现率）来考察饮食习惯，特别是通过KIDMED指数衡量的地中海饮食模式，与跨期选择中表现出的不耐烦之间的关系。207名大学生的样本回答了一份基于两项测试的问卷：KIDMED测试，以评估对MD的依从程度；以及一份跨期选择问卷，以评估不耐烦或冲动性。根据他们的KIDMED得分对个体进行分组，然后计算每组的贴现率或冲动性参数。贴现率与对MD的依从程度呈负相关。对MD依从性高、中、低的三组的总体值分别为1.53%、1.91%和3.71%。我们还发现三组中较大奖励的 值更高（量级效应）。对MD的高依从性与较平缓的时间贴现有关，这意味着较少的冲动性（更多的自我控制）或较低的贴现率。相反，对MD的低依从性与较陡峭的时间贴现有关，这意味着冲动性或较高的贴现率。这些发现可用于确定需要进行政策干预以促进更健康饮食习惯的目标人群。
