Armstrong D, Gold J W, Dryjanski J, Whimbey E, Polsky B, Hawkins C, Brown A E, Bernard E, Kiehn T E
Ann Intern Med. 1985 Nov;103(5):738-43. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-738.
The microorganisms that regularly infect patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have become well recognized. Most take advantage of defects in T-lymphocyte function, but others, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, take advantage of B-cell defects. Still others, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella species, occur or persist for reasons that are unclear. Infections with organisms associated with hospitalization and medical procedures are also seen and should be anticipated. Among the infections taking advantage of T-cell defects, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most commonly diagnosed, but cytomegalovirus infection may be equally common. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection has been found in one half of our patients at postmortem examination. The retrovirus responsible for AIDS commonly infects the central nervous system, as does Toxoplasma gondii. Although candida infections are common, dissemination is uncommon. Many of the infections respond to appropriate therapy but tend to recur when treatment is stopped. Often treatment courses must be prolonged even beyond those used in other immunocompromised hosts.
那些经常感染获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者的微生物已广为人知。大多数微生物利用T淋巴细胞功能缺陷，但其他一些微生物，如肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌，则利用B细胞缺陷。还有一些微生物，如金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺氏菌属，其发生或持续存在的原因尚不清楚。与住院和医疗程序相关的微生物感染也可见到，应予以预期。在利用T细胞缺陷的感染中，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎是最常被诊断出的，但巨细胞病毒感染可能同样常见。在我们的患者尸检中，发现一半患者有播散性鸟分枝杆菌复合群感染。导致艾滋病的逆转录病毒通常感染中枢神经系统，弓形虫也是如此。虽然念珠菌感染很常见，但播散并不常见。许多感染对适当的治疗有反应，但在治疗停止时往往会复发。通常治疗疗程必须延长，甚至超过用于其他免疫受损宿主的疗程。
