Lesiakowski Piotr, Lubiński Wojciech, Zwierko Teresa
a Department of Physical Education and Sport , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland.
b Department of Ophthalmology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland.
Phys Sportsmed. 2018 Nov;46(4):449-459. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1496763. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
Injuries with varying degrees of temporary or permanent visual dysfunction are common in boxing. This study presents clinical diagnostic information regarding the functional integrity of the visual system in elite amateur boxers. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of normal or abnormal pattern visual evoked potentials (VEP). VEP in boxers were analyzed in relation to the nonathletic group and years of boxing activity.
Clinical examination involved 31 boxers (21 male and 10 female) and 31 controls homogeneous in terms of age and gender. Pattern-reversal VEP elicited by checkerboard stimuli with large (LC) and small checks (SC) under monocular condition were applied. The latency and amplitude of N75, P100 and N135 components of the VEP waveform were analyzed. Absolute values and interocular differences of P100 latency and N75-P100 amplitude were used in determining VEP abnormalities.
Individual analysis showed prolonged P100 latency in both eyes in one male boxer. Interocular P100 latency differences beyond 8 ms were observed in three male boxers. The N75-P100 amplitude of four boxers exceeded the normal range in both eyes for the LC stimulation and one boxer for the SC stimulation. Interocular N75-P100 amplitude differences beyond the normal range in two cases for both the LC and the SC stimulation were confirmed. There was a positive correlation between years of boxing activity and N75 latency in SC (R = 0.480, p < 0.05) and N75-P100 amplitude in LC (R = -0.370, p < 0.05).
Long-term boxing training may cause impairments in neural conductivity in the visual pathway. VEP seem to be a valuable tool in the neurophysiological diagnosis of visual function in contact sports. They can be recommended as a systematical examination for boxers during training processes for the indication and reduction in the incidence of vision-threatening injuries.
在拳击运动中，不同程度的暂时性或永久性视觉功能障碍损伤较为常见。本研究呈现了关于精英业余拳击手视觉系统功能完整性的临床诊断信息。本研究的目的是评估正常或异常模式视觉诱发电位（VEP）的存在情况。对拳击手的VEP进行分析，并与非运动员组以及拳击活动年限进行关联。
临床检查涉及31名拳击手（21名男性和10名女性）以及31名年龄和性别匹配的对照组。在单眼条件下，应用由大格子（LC）和小格子（SC）棋盘格刺激诱发的模式反转VEP。分析VEP波形中N75、P100和N135成分的潜伏期和波幅。使用P100潜伏期和N75 - P100波幅的绝对值以及两眼间差异来确定VEP异常。
个体分析显示，一名男性拳击手双眼的P100潜伏期延长。在三名男性拳击手中观察到两眼间P100潜伏期差异超过8毫秒。四名拳击手在LC刺激下双眼的N75 - P100波幅以及一名拳击手在SC刺激下双眼的N75 - P100波幅超出正常范围。在LC和SC刺激下，均证实有两例两眼间N75 - P100波幅差异超出正常范围。拳击活动年限与SC刺激下的N75潜伏期（R = 0.480，p < 0.05）以及LC刺激下的N75 - P100波幅（R = -0.370，p < 0.05）之间存在正相关。
长期拳击训练可能导致视觉通路神经传导受损。VEP似乎是接触性运动中视觉功能神经生理学诊断的一种有价值的工具。它们可被推荐作为拳击手训练过程中的系统性检查，以指示并降低视力威胁性损伤的发生率。
