Spina Federica, Tigini Valeria, Romagnolo Alice, Varese Giovanna Cristina
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2018 Jul 4;8(3):27. doi: 10.3390/life8030027.
Autochthonous fungi from contaminated wastewater are potential successful agents bioremediation thanks to their adaptation to pollutant toxicity and to competition with other microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plant. Biological treatment by means of selected fungal strains could be a potential tool to integrate the leachate depuration process, thanks to their fungal extracellular enzymes with non-selective catalytical activity. In the present work, the treatability of two real samples (a crude landfill leachate and the effluent coming from a traditional wastewater treatment plant) was investigated in decolorization experiments with fungal biomasses. Five autochthonous fungi, MUT 793, MUT 721, MUT 1269, MUT 1284, and MUT 1275, were selected in a previous miniaturized decolorization screening. Their effectiveness in terms of decolorization, enzymatic activity (laccases and peroxidases), biomass growth and ecotoxicity removal was compared with that of five allochthonous fungal strains, MUT 2976, MUT 1585, MUT 2400, MUT 3060 and MUT 2295, selected for their well known capability to degrade recalcitrant pollutants. Moreover, the effect of biomass immobilization on polyurethane foam (PUF) cube was assessed. The best decolorization (60%) was achieved by MUT 1585, MUT 721 and MUT 1269. In the first case, the DP was achieved gradually, suggesting a biodegradation process with the involvement of peroxidases. On the contrary, the two autochthonous fungi seem to bioremediate the effluent mainly by biosorption, with the abatement of the toxicity (up to 100%). The biomass immobilization enhanced enzymatic activity, but not the DP. Moreover, it limited the biomass growth for the fast growing fungi, MUT 721 and MUT 1269. In conclusion, robust and versatile strains coming from well-characterized collections of microorganisms can obtain excellent results comparing and even exceeding the bioremediation yields of strains already adapted to pollutants.
受污染废水中的本地真菌是生物修复的潜在成功媒介，这得益于它们对污染物毒性的适应能力以及与污水处理厂中其他微生物竞争的能力。借助选定的真菌菌株进行生物处理可能是整合渗滤液净化过程的一种潜在工具，这要归功于它们具有非选择性催化活性的真菌胞外酶。在本研究中，使用真菌生物质进行脱色实验，研究了两种实际样品（一种未经处理的垃圾渗滤液和来自传统污水处理厂的出水）的可处理性。在之前的小型脱色筛选中选择了五种本地真菌，即MUT 793、MUT 721、MUT 1269、MUT 1284和MUT 1275。将它们在脱色、酶活性（漆酶和过氧化物酶）、生物量增长和生态毒性去除方面的有效性与五种外来真菌菌株MUT 2976、MUT 1585、MUT 2400、MUT 3060和MUT 2295进行了比较，这些外来菌株因具有众所周知的降解难降解污染物的能力而被选中。此外，还评估了生物质固定在聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）立方体上的效果。MUT 1585、MUT 721和MUT 1269实现了最佳脱色效果（60%）。在第一种情况下，脱色是逐渐实现的，这表明是一个涉及过氧化物酶的生物降解过程。相反，这两种本地真菌似乎主要通过生物吸附对出水进行生物修复，毒性降低（高达100%）。生物质固定增强了酶活性，但没有提高脱色率。此外，它限制了快速生长的真菌MUT 721和MUT 1269的生物量增长。总之，来自特征明确的微生物库的强大且通用的菌株在比较中可以获得优异的结果，甚至超过已适应污染物的菌株的生物修复产量。
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