Kouam Marc K, Moussala Junior O
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, PO BOX 188, Dschang, Cameroon.
Center for Research on Filariasis and Other Tropical Diseases (CRFilMT), P.O. BOX 5797, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Vet Med Int. 2018 May 27;2018:9173646. doi: 10.1155/2018/9173646. eCollection 2018.
Biosecurity plays an irreplaceable role in preventing diseases and increasing productivity on farm. The main objective of this study was to characterize pig farming and investigate factors influencing biosecurity on pig farms in the western highlands of Cameroon. Data were collected from May to July 2017 using a questionnaire and observations. A technical scoring system was developed from the biosecurity measures. The results revealed that most farmers are males (76.29%), on average 47.82 ± 10.34 years old, with secondary school level (53.61%). The most common husbandry system is extensive (73.22%). Over a total score of 93, measures with higher scores (>80) included "employees do not rear pigs at home," "animals of different age not in the same room," "unsold animals from market quarantined prior to reintroduction into the herd," "production materials not exchanged among farms," "piggeries clean every day," "disinfectants used," "pigs vaccinated," and "vaccination calendar respected." Those with the lowest score (<6) were "sanitary lock present," "use of herd specific clean coveralls and boots on farm," and "entry restriction sign post present." The biosecurity level was associated with production system, with the score 6.57 and 3.66 points lower for extensive and semi-intensive farms, respectively, than for intensive system. Farmer's age, gender, education level, and herd size did not affect the level of biosecurity. The results can be used to improve the general biosecurity status in pig herds in the country which in turn will lead, as observed elsewhere, to improved technical performance and economic gain.
生物安全在预防疾病和提高农场生产力方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本研究的主要目的是描述喀麦隆西部高地猪场的养殖情况，并调查影响猪场生物安全的因素。2017年5月至7月，通过问卷调查和实地观察收集数据。基于生物安全措施制定了一个技术评分系统。结果显示，大多数养殖户为男性（76.29%），平均年龄47.82±10.34岁，文化程度为中学（53.61%）。最常见的养殖方式是粗放式（73.22%）。在总分93分的情况下，得分较高（>80分）的措施包括“员工不在家养猪”、“不同年龄段的动物不在同一房间”、“从市场购回的未售动物在重新引入猪群前进行隔离”、“农场之间不交换生产资料”、“每天清扫猪舍”、“使用消毒剂”、“给猪接种疫苗”以及“遵守疫苗接种时间表”。得分最低（<6分）的措施是“设有卫生锁”、“在农场使用特定猪群的清洁工作服和靴子”以及“设有入口限制标识牌”。生物安全水平与生产系统相关，粗放式和半集约化猪场的得分分别比集约化猪场低6.57分和3.66分。养殖户的年龄、性别、教育程度和猪群规模不影响生物安全水平。这些结果可用于改善该国猪群的总体生物安全状况，进而如在其他地方所观察到的那样，带来技术性能的提升和经济收益。
