Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Clinical Nutrition Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Aug;58(5):2123-2143. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1771-5. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
To systematically review all the available evidence from prospective cohort studies that investigated the association between consumption of food groups and the occurrence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and bibliographies of retrieved articles up to January, 2018. Studies were included if they analysed prospectively the association between consumption of food groups and AMD.
At the end of the selection process, 26 articles were included in the meta-analysis, for a total of 211,676 subjects and 7154 cases of AMD. By comparing the highest vs. the lowest consumption, pooled analyses showed no significant association with AMD for vegetables, fruit, nuts, grains, dairy products, as well as dietary fats such as oils, butter and margarine. Fish determined a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of risk for total AMD (RR 0.82 95% CI 0.75-0.90), as well as for both early (RR 0.84 95% CI 0.73-0.97), and late (RR 0.79 95% CI 0.70-0.90) AMD. On the other hand, high meat consumption was associated with a significant increased risk of early (RR 1.17 95% CI 1.02-1.34), but not late AMD. Finally, a significant increased risk of AMD for the highest consumption of alcohol (RR 1.20 95% CI 1.04-1.39) was reported.
The results of the present meta-analysis show a significant 18% reduced risk for fish and a 20% increased risk for alcohol consumption. In addition, an increased risk was observed for meat, but only in the subgroup of early AMD.
系统综述前瞻性队列研究中所有关于食物组摄入与年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）发生之间关联的证据。
我们通过 MedLine、Embase、Google Scholar、Web of Science 以及检索文章的参考文献进行了电子文献搜索，检索截至 2018 年 1 月。如果研究前瞻性分析了食物组摄入与 AMD 之间的关联，则将其纳入分析。
经过筛选过程，共有 26 篇文章纳入荟萃分析，共有 211676 名受试者和 7154 例 AMD 病例。通过比较最高摄入量与最低摄入量，汇总分析显示，蔬菜、水果、坚果、谷物、乳制品以及油、黄油和人造黄油等膳食脂肪与 AMD 之间无显著关联。鱼类与 AMD 总发病率（RR 0.82，95%CI 0.75-0.90）以及早发性（RR 0.84，95%CI 0.73-0.97）和晚发性（RR 0.79，95%CI 0.70-0.90）AMD 均呈显著负相关（p<0.05）。另一方面，高肉类摄入量与早发性 AMD 的发病风险显著增加相关（RR 1.17，95%CI 1.02-1.34），但与晚发性 AMD 无关。最后，报告称，酒精摄入量最高与 AMD 的发病风险显著增加相关（RR 1.20，95%CI 1.04-1.39）。
本荟萃分析的结果表明，鱼类摄入可降低 18%的 AMD 发病风险，而酒精摄入可增加 20%的发病风险。此外，还观察到肉类摄入量增加与 AMD 发病风险增加相关，但仅在早发性 AMD 亚组中观察到。
