Pennington Katie L, DeAngelis Margaret M
Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
Eye Vis (Lond). 2016 Dec 22;3:34. doi: 10.1186/s40662-016-0063-5. eCollection 2016.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old. Genetic, epidemiological, and molecular studies are beginning to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying this complex disease, which implicate the lipid-cholesterol pathway in the pathophysiology of disease development and progression. Many of the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with AMD are also associated with other complex degenerative diseases of advanced age, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we present epidemiological findings associating AMD with a variety of lipid pathway genes, cardiovascular phenotypes, and relevant environmental exposures. Despite a number of studies showing significant associations between AMD and these lipid/cardiovascular factors, results have been mixed and as such the relationships among these factors and AMD remain controversial. It is imperative that researchers not only tease out the various contributions of such factors to AMD development but also the connections between AMD and CVD to develop optimal precision medical care for aging adults.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是50岁以上成年人不可逆失明的主要原因。遗传学、流行病学和分子研究开始揭示这种复杂疾病背后的复杂机制，这些机制表明脂质 - 胆固醇途径参与了疾病发生和发展的病理生理学过程。许多与AMD相关的遗传和环境风险因素也与其他老年复杂退行性疾病相关，包括心血管疾病（CVD）。在本综述中，我们展示了将AMD与多种脂质途径基因、心血管表型及相关环境暴露相关联的流行病学研究结果。尽管多项研究表明AMD与这些脂质/心血管因素之间存在显著关联，但结果不一，因此这些因素与AMD之间的关系仍存在争议。研究人员不仅必须梳理出这些因素对AMD发展的各种影响，还需明确AMD与CVD之间的联系，以便为老年人制定最佳的精准医疗方案。
