Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 28;7(1):4359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04697-3.
We aimed to establish the collective influence of four lifestyle practices (physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption) on the prevalence and incidence of AMD. At baseline, 2428 participants aged 49+ with complete lifestyle and AMD data were examined, and of these, 1903 participants were re-examined 15 years later. AMD was assessed from retinal photographs. A health behaviour score was calculated, allocating 1 point for each poor behaviour: current smoking; fruits and vegetables consumed <4 serves daily; <3 episodes of physical activity per week; and >2 alcoholic drinks per day. Cross-sectional analysis showed that participants who engaged in all 4 poor health behaviours (n = 29) versus those who did not engage in unhealthy behaviours (reference group; n = 677) had greater odds of any and late AMD: multivariable-adjusted OR, 5.14 (95% CI, 1.04-25.45) and OR 29.53 (95% CI 2.72-321.16), respectively. A marginally non-significant association was observed between increasing number of poor health behaviours and 15-year incidence of early AMD (multivariable-adjusted P-trend = 0.08). Our data suggests that motivating patients with AMD to eat better, exercise more, limit alcohol intake and avoid smoking seems advisable to decelerate the development or worsening of existing AMD.
我们旨在确定四种生活方式实践（身体活动、饮食、吸烟和饮酒）对 AMD 患病率和发病率的综合影响。在基线时，检查了 2428 名年龄在 49 岁及以上且具有完整生活方式和 AMD 数据的参与者，其中 1903 名参与者在 15 年后重新接受了检查。AMD 是从视网膜照片中评估的。计算了健康行为评分，为每种不良行为分配 1 分：当前吸烟；每天摄入的水果和蔬菜<4 份；每周进行<3 次身体活动；每天摄入>2 份酒精饮料。横断面分析显示，与没有不良行为（参照组；n=677）的参与者相比，从事所有 4 种不良健康行为（n=29）的参与者发生任何和晚期 AMD 的几率更大：多变量调整后的 OR，5.14（95%CI，1.04-25.45）和 OR 29.53（95%CI 2.72-321.16）。观察到不良健康行为数量与早期 AMD 15 年发病率之间存在边缘非显著性关联（多变量调整后的 P 趋势=0.08）。我们的数据表明，激励 AMD 患者改善饮食、增加运动、限制饮酒和避免吸烟似乎是延缓现有 AMD 发展或恶化的明智之举。
