Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Biomaterials. 2019 May;203:96-110. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.026. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
Bone has well documented natural healing capacity that normally is sufficient to repair fractures and other common injuries. However, the properties of bone change throughout life, and aging is accompanied by increased incidence of bone diseases and compromised fracture healing capacity, which necessitate effective therapies capable of enhancing bone regeneration. The therapeutic potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone repair has been long proposed and examined. Actions of MSCs may include direct differentiation to become bone cells, attraction and recruitment of other cells, or creation of a regenerative environment via production of trophic growth factors. With systemic aging, MSCs also undergo functional decline, which has been well investigated in a number of recent studies. In this review, we first describe the changes in MSCs during aging and discuss how these alterations can affect bone regeneration. We next review current research findings on bone tissue engineering, which is considered a promising and viable therapeutic solution for structural and functional restoration of bone. In particular, the importance of MSCs and bioscaffolds is highlighted. Finally, potential approaches for the prevention of MSC aging and the rejuvenation of aged MSC are discussed.
骨骼具有良好的天然愈合能力，通常足以修复骨折和其他常见损伤。然而，骨骼的特性在整个生命周期中都会发生变化，随着年龄的增长，骨骼疾病的发生率增加，骨折愈合能力受损，这就需要有效的治疗方法来增强骨骼再生。人们长期以来一直提出并研究了成年间充质干细胞（MSCs）在骨修复中的治疗潜力。MSCs 的作用可能包括直接分化为成骨细胞、吸引和招募其他细胞，或通过产生营养生长因子来创造再生环境。随着全身衰老，MSCs 也会经历功能衰退，这在最近的许多研究中得到了很好的研究。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了衰老过程中 MSCs 的变化，并讨论了这些变化如何影响骨再生。接下来，我们回顾了骨组织工程的现有研究结果，这被认为是一种有前途和可行的治疗方法，可以恢复骨的结构和功能。特别是强调了 MSCs 和生物支架的重要性。最后，讨论了预防 MSC 衰老和恢复老年 MSC 的潜在方法。
