Makowska Krystyna, Rytel Liliana, Lech Piotr, Osowski Adam, Kruminis-Kaszkiel Ewa, Gonkowski Slawomir
Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10718 Olsztyn, Poland.
C R Biol. 2018 Jul-Aug;341(6):325-333. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.06.006. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is widely distributed within the central and peripheral nervous system. In the brain, CART is considered as the main anorectic peptide involved in the regulation of food intake. Contrary to the central nervous system, a lot of aspects connected with the distribution and functions of CART within the enteric nervous system (ENS) still remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the population of CART-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons within the porcine esophagus and the denotation of their neurochemical coding. During this experiment, the distribution of CART-LI neurons and the colocalization of CART with other neuronal active substances were examined using standard double- and triple-immunofluorescence techniques in enteric plexuses of cervical, thoracic, and abdominal esophagus fragments. The obtained results showed that CART is present in a relatively high percentage of esophageal neurons (values fluctuated from 45.2±0.9% in the submucous plexus of the thoracic esophagus to 58.1±5.0% in the myenteric plexus of the same fragment of the esophagus). Moreover, CART colocalized with a wide range of other active neuronal substances, mainly with the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT, a marker of cholinergic neurons), neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, a marker of nitrergic neurons), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and galanin (GAL). The number of CART-positive neuronal cells and their neurochemical coding clearly depended on the fragment of esophagus studied and the type of enteric plexus. The obtained results suggest that CART may play important and multidirectional roles in the neuronal regulation of esophageal functions.
可卡因和苯丙胺调节转录肽（CART）广泛分布于中枢和外周神经系统。在大脑中，CART被认为是参与食物摄入调节的主要食欲抑制肽。与中枢神经系统不同，许多与CART在肠神经系统（ENS）中的分布和功能相关的方面仍然未知。本研究的目的是首次调查猪食管内CART样免疫反应性（CART-LI）神经元的群体及其神经化学编码特征。在该实验中，使用标准的双重和三重免疫荧光技术，在颈段、胸段和腹段食管片段的肠神经丛中检测CART-LI神经元的分布以及CART与其他神经元活性物质的共定位。所得结果表明，CART存在于相对较高比例的食管神经元中（数值从胸段食管黏膜下神经丛中的45.2±0.9%波动至同一食管片段肌间神经丛中的58.1±5.0%）。此外，CART与多种其他活性神经元物质共定位，主要与囊泡型乙酰胆碱转运体（VAChT，胆碱能神经元的标志物）、一氧化氮合酶神经元亚型（nNOS，氮能神经元的标志物）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）和甘丙肽（GAL）共定位。CART阳性神经元细胞的数量及其神经化学编码明显取决于所研究的食管片段和肠神经丛的类型。所得结果表明，CART可能在食管功能的神经元调节中发挥重要的多向性作用。
