Salamzadeh Jamshid, Shakoori Attaollah, Moradi Vahideh
1Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2018 May 7;16(1):55-63. doi: 10.1007/s40201-018-0296-4. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Pesticides are a reason for popular concern due to their possible unfavorable results on human safety. Most pesticide residues are present in food owing to the direct application of a pesticide to a crop. The aims of this study were; development a multiresidue method for analysis of 81 pesticides in tomato using GC/MS, and detection and quantitation of the studied pesticides in tomato samples gathered from various stores of Iran.
The pesticides were assessed concurrently in a single run applying GC/MS after extraction with QuEChERS method. Homogenized tomato samples were weighed into centrifuge tubes. The studied pesticides were extracted using acetonitrile, followed by the addition of a mixture of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate. In order to remove excess water and other components of tomato a combination of primary secondary amine and magnesium sulfate was applied, and then the extracted components were analyzed by GC-MS.
The calibration curves for all analytes were linear in the range of 20-200 ng/g with a determination coefficient (R) in the range between 0.993 and 0.999. The LODs and LOQs were in the range between 2.5-6.7 and 7.5-20 ng/g respectively, and the mean recoveries obtained for three fortification levels (25,50 and 100 ng/g -five replicates each) were 72-116% with RSD < 20%. Six residues were found in 31 (20.7%) samples. Iprodione was the most common detected residues (6.0%), followed by permethrine (4.7%), esfenvalerate (4.7%), chlorpyrifos (3.3%), diazinon (2.0%), and penconazole (1.3%).
Among the detected pesticides, only Iprodione, permethrine, chlorpyrifos and diazinon are registered for tomato production in Iran. With exception of Chlorpyrifos and diazinon the concentrations of iprodione and permethrine were found below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO). Esfenvalerate and penconazole are not registered for tomato production in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to control and management of their residues in tomato.
农药因其对人类安全可能产生的不利影响而备受公众关注。由于直接将农药施用于作物，大多数农药残留存在于食物中。本研究的目的是：开发一种使用气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）分析番茄中81种农药的多残留方法，并检测和定量从伊朗不同商店采集的番茄样品中的研究农药。
采用QuEChERS方法提取后，使用GC/MS在一次运行中同时评估农药。将匀浆的番茄样品称重到离心管中。使用乙腈提取研究的农药，然后加入无水硫酸镁和醋酸钠的混合物。为了去除番茄中的多余水分和其他成分，使用伯仲胺和硫酸镁的组合，然后通过GC-MS分析提取的成分。
所有分析物的校准曲线在20 - 200 ng/g范围内呈线性，测定系数（R）在0.993至0.999之间。检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别在2.5 - 6.7和7.5 - 20 ng/g范围内，三个加标水平（25、50和100 ng/g，每个水平重复五次）的平均回收率为72 - 116%，相对标准偏差（RSD）< 20%。在31个（20.7%）样品中发现了六种残留。异菌脲是最常见的检测残留（6.0%），其次是氯菊酯（4.7%）、乙氰菊酯（4.7%）、毒死蜱（3.3%）、二嗪农（2.0%）和戊唑醇（1.3%）。
在检测到的农药中，只有异菌脲、氯菊酯、毒死蜱和二嗪农在伊朗登记用于番茄生产。除毒死蜱和二嗪农外，异菌脲和氯菊酯的浓度低于伊朗国家标准组织（INSO）制定的最大残留限量（MRL）。乙氰菊酯和戊唑醇在伊朗未登记用于番茄生产。因此，有必要控制和管理它们在番茄中的残留。
