Elgueta Sebastian, Valenzuela Marcela, Fuentes Marcela, Ulloa Pilar E, Ramos Cecilia, Correa Arturo, Molinett Sebastian
Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile.
Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile.
Toxics. 2021 Oct 6;9(10):249. doi: 10.3390/toxics9100249.
In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.
近年来，智利官方当局报告了新鲜蔬菜中农药最大残留限量超标情况。目前尚无关于可追溯性、农药含量及潜在健康风险的官方信息。本研究旨在分析首都大区超市中番茄的农药残留及其相应的膳食风险评估。采用快速、简便、廉价、高效、耐用和安全的QuEChERS方法提取农药，并按照食品和饲料中农药残留分析的分析质量控制和方法验证程序、SANTE指南及ISO 17025:2017标准，使用配有HPLC-FL/UV和GC-MS/ECD/NPD的色谱法测定其浓度。此外，通过将智利的数据与国际参考数据进行比较，开展了膳食风险评估。结果显示，9%的样本农药残留量高于智利允许的最大残留限量。所有评估情景均显示，甲胺磷和毒死蜱的估计每日摄入量和危害商数最高。所使用的两种活性物质均为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，在慢性风险评估下具有神经毒性。结果表明，在智利的情景下，所有年龄组和性别的慢性危害指数最高。所获得的证据表明，甲胺磷、灭多威和毒死蜱在智利农业中的使用应受到限制。
