成年早期的职业认知复杂性与中年时期的脑结构和认知健康相关：CARDIA研究。
Occupational cognitive complexity in earlier adulthood is associated with brain structure and cognitive health in midlife: The CARDIA study.
作者信息
Kaup Allison R, Xia Feng, Launer Lenore J, Sidney Stephen, Nasrallah Ilya, Erus Guray, Allen Norrina, Yaffe Kristine
机构信息
San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
Northern California Institute for Research and Education.
出版信息
Neuropsychology. 2018 Nov;32(8):895-905. doi: 10.1037/neu0000474. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
OBJECTIVE
In line with cognitive reserve theory, higher occupational cognitive complexity is associated with reduced cognitive decline in older adulthood. How and when occupational cognitive complexity first exerts protective effects during the life span remains unclear. We investigated associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and brain structure and cognition in midlife.
METHOD
Participants were 669 adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (aged 18-30 years at baseline, 52% female, 38% Black). We calculated scores reflecting occupational cognitive complexity using Census Occupation Codes (years 10 and 15) and Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data. At year 25, participants had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and cognitive testing (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop). In adjusted mixed models, we examined associations between occupational cognitive complexity during early to midadulthood and midlife brain structure, specifically gray matter volume and white matter fractional anisotropy, and cognition in midlife (all outcomes converted to z-scores).
RESULTS
Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with greater white matter fractional anisotropy (estimate = 0.10, = .01) but not gray matter volume. Higher occupational cognitive complexity was associated with better Digit Symbol Substitution Test (estimate = 0.13, < .001) and Stroop (estimate = 0.09, = .01) performance but not Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational cognitive complexity earlier in adulthood is associated with better white matter integrity, processing speed, and executive function in midlife. These associations may capture how occupational cognitive complexity contributes to cognitive reserve. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
目的
根据认知储备理论，较高的职业认知复杂性与成年后期认知能力下降减缓相关。职业认知复杂性在生命历程中如何以及何时首次发挥保护作用仍不清楚。我们研究了成年早期至中年期的职业认知复杂性与中年期脑结构和认知之间的关联。
方法
参与者为669名来自青年成人冠状动脉风险发展研究的成年人（基线年龄为18 - 30岁，52%为女性，38%为黑人）。我们使用人口普查职业代码（第10年和第15年）和职业信息网络（O*NET）数据计算反映职业认知复杂性的得分。在第25年时，参与者接受了脑结构磁共振成像、扩散张量成像和认知测试（雷伊听觉词语学习测验、数字符号替换测验、斯特鲁普测验）。在调整后的混合模型中，我们研究了成年早期至中年期的职业认知复杂性与中年期脑结构（具体为灰质体积和白质分数各向异性）以及中年期认知（所有结果均转换为z分数）之间的关联。
结果
较高的职业认知复杂性与更大的白质分数各向异性相关（估计值 = 0.10， = .01），但与灰质体积无关。较高的职业认知复杂性与更好的数字符号替换测验表现（估计值 = 0.13， < .001）和斯特鲁普测验表现（估计值 = 0.09， = .01）相关，但与雷伊听觉词语学习测验表现无关。
结论
成年早期的职业认知复杂性与中年期更好的白质完整性、处理速度和执行功能相关。这些关联可能揭示了职业认知复杂性如何促进认知储备。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）美国心理学会2018年版权所有）
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