Limnologie sarl, 16 rue Paul Langevin, 35200 Rennes, France.
German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Toxins (Basel). 2018 Jul 9;10(7):283. doi: 10.3390/toxins10070283.
Cyanobacteria are known to produce a wide array of metabolites, including various classes of toxins. Among these, hepatotoxins (Microcystins), neurotoxins (Anatoxin-A and PSP toxins) or cytotoxins (Cylindrospermopsins) have been subjected to numerous, individual studies during the past twenty years. Reports of toxins co-occurrences, however, remain scarce in the literature. The present work is an inventory of cyanobacteria with a particular focus on Nostocales and their associated toxin classes from 2007 to 2010 in ten lakes used for drinking water production in France. The results show that potential multiple toxin producing species are commonly encountered in cyanobacteria populations. Individual toxin classes were detected in 75% of all samples. Toxin co-occurrences appeared in 40% of samples as two- or three-toxin combinations (with 35% for the microcystins⁻anatoxin combination), whereas four-toxin class combinations only appeared in 1% of samples. Toxin co-occurrences could be partially correlated to species composition and water temperature. Peak concentrations however could never be observed simultaneously and followed distinct, asymmetrical distribution patterns. As observations are the key for preventive management and risk assessment, these results indicate that water monitoring should search for all four toxin classes simultaneously instead of focusing on the most frequent toxins, i.e., microcystins.
蓝藻被认为能产生多种代谢物，包括各种毒素。在过去的二十年中，人们对其中的肝毒素（微囊藻毒素）、神经毒素（石房蛤毒素和 PSP 毒素）或细胞毒素（节球藻毒素）进行了大量的单独研究。然而，关于毒素共同出现的报告在文献中仍然很少。本工作对 2007 年至 2010 年法国十个用于饮用水生产的湖泊中的 Nostocales 及其相关毒素类别进行了蓝藻清查。结果表明，在蓝藻种群中常见到具有产生多种潜在毒素能力的物种。在所有样品中，75%的样品检测到了单一毒素类别。在 40%的样品中出现了两种或三种毒素的组合（微囊藻毒素-石房蛤毒素组合占 35%），而只有 1%的样品出现了四种毒素类别的组合。毒素的共同出现可能与物种组成和水温部分相关。然而，峰值浓度从未同时出现过，而是呈现出不同的、不对称的分布模式。由于观察是预防管理和风险评估的关键，因此这些结果表明，水监测应该同时搜索所有四种毒素类别，而不是只关注最常见的毒素，即微囊藻毒素。
