MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:1056-1064. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.013. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Distribution of 12 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) was determined in soil and outdoor settled dust samples collected from a multi-waste (electronic, plastic, and rubber wastes and abandoned household-appliances and vehicles) recycling area, that encompassed different modes of operation i.e. open (ORS) and semi-closed recycling (SCRS). Among the twelve OPFRs analyzed, eleven were detected at a frequency of 75%-100% in all soil and dust samples. In soil samples, ΣOPFR concentrations were significantly higher at ORS (122-2100ng/g) than at SCRS (58.5-316ng/g) and nearby farmlands (37.7-156ng/g). The ΣOPFR concentrations in dust samples were higher than those in soil samples with spatial distribution similar to that observed for soil, decreasing from ORS (1390-42,700ng/g) to SCRS (914-7940ng/g). Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the major OPFRs in both soil (<MDL-1370ng/g) and dust (39.9-16,300ng/g) samples. Chlorinated OPFRs [TCIPP, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)] and aryl-OPFRs [triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP)] exhibited spatial difference between ORS and SCRS. Principle component analysis (PCA) of OPFR concentrations revealed that TCIPP, TDCIPP, TPHP, TMPP originated from similar sources. TMPP was assessed to pose eco-toxicological risk (risk quotient values: RQs) in the soil ecosystem. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) of OPFRs via soil and outdoor settled dust ingestion (based on average ingestion rate) was 3.14×10ng/kgbw/day for adults at ORS. Our results suggest that waste recycling is an important source of chlorinated- and aryl-OPFRs in the environment.
在一个多废物（电子、塑料和橡胶废物以及废弃的家用电器和车辆）回收区，从土壤和室外沉降灰尘样本中确定了 12 种有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）的分布，该回收区包括不同的操作模式，即开放式（ORS）和半封闭式回收（SCRS）。在所分析的 12 种 OPFR 中，所有土壤和灰尘样本均以 75％-100％的频率检测到 11 种。在土壤样本中，ORS（122-2100ng/g）的ΣOPFR 浓度明显高于 SCRS（58.5-316ng/g）和附近农田（37.7-156ng/g）。灰尘样本中的ΣOPFR 浓度高于土壤样本，空间分布与土壤相似，从 ORS（1390-42700ng/g）到 SCRS（914-7940ng/g）逐渐降低。三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）是土壤（<MDL-1370ng/g）和灰尘（39.9-16300ng/g）样本中主要的 OPFRs。氯化 OPFRs [TCIPP、三（1,3-二氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TDCIPP）和三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）]和芳基-OPFRs [磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）、磷酸三甲苯酯（TMPP）]在 ORS 和 SCRS 之间表现出空间差异。OPFR 浓度的主成分分析（PCA）表明，TCIPP、TDCIPP、TPHP、TMPP 源自相似的来源。TMPP 被评估为对土壤生态系统具有生态毒性风险（风险商值：RQs）。通过土壤和室外沉降灰尘摄入（基于平均摄入率）估算的成人在 ORS 情况下每天摄入有机磷阻燃剂的估计每日摄入量（EDI）中位数为 3.14×10ng/kgbw/day。我们的结果表明，废物回收是环境中氯化和芳基-OPFRs 的重要来源。
