评估 2025 年美国石油和天然气部门排放物对人体健康和臭氧的影响。
Assessing Human Health PM and Ozone Impacts from U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Sector Emissions in 2025.
机构信息
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , 109 T.W. Alexander Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States.
出版信息
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Aug 7;52(15):8095-8103. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02050. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
Abstract
Incomplete information regarding emissions from oil and natural gas production has historically made it challenging to characterize the air quality or air pollution-related health impacts for this sector in the United States. Using an emissions inventory for the oil and natural gas sector that reflects information regarding the level and distribution of PM and ozone precursor emissions, we simulate annual mean PM and summer season average daily 8 h maximum ozone concentrations with the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with extensions (CAMx). We quantify the incidence and economic value of PM and ozone health related effects using the environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). We find that ambient concentrations of PM and ozone, and associated health impacts, are highest in a handful of states including Colorado, Pennsylvania, Texas and West Virginia. On a per-ton basis, the benefits of reducing PM precursor emissions from this sector vary by pollutant species, and range from between $6,300 and $320,000, while the value of reducing ozone precursors ranges from $500 to $8,200 in the year 2025 (2015$).
摘要
关于石油和天然气生产排放的信息不完整，这使得美国难以描述该行业的空气质量或与空气污染有关的健康影响。本研究利用反映 PM 和臭氧前体排放水平和分布的石油和天然气部门排放清单，使用扩展综合空气质量模型 (CAMx) 模拟年平均 PM 和夏季平均每日 8 小时最大臭氧浓度。我们使用环境效益制图和分析计划 (BenMAP) 来量化 PM 和臭氧健康相关影响的发生率和经济价值。我们发现，包括科罗拉多州、宾夕法尼亚州、德克萨斯州和西弗吉尼亚州在内的少数几个州的 PM 和臭氧的环境浓度以及相关的健康影响最高。就每吨而言，减少该部门 PM 前体排放的效益因污染物种类而异，范围在 6300 美元至 32 万美元之间，而在 2025 年（2015 年）减少臭氧前体的价值在 500 美元至 8200 美元之间。
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