Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 18;17(2):620. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020620.
On the basis of PM data of the national air quality monitoring sites, local population data, and baseline all-cause mortality rate, PM-related health economic benefits of the Air Improvement Action Plan implemented in Wuhan in 2013-2017 were investigated using health-impact and valuation functions. Annual avoided premature deaths driven by the average concentration of PM decrease were evaluated, and the economic benefits were computed by using the value of statistical life (VSL) method. Results showed that the number of avoided premature deaths in Wuhan are 21,384 (95% confidence interval (CI): 15,004 to 27,255) during 2013-2017, due to the implementation of the Air Improvement Action Plan. According to the VSL method, the obtained economic benefits of Huangpi, Wuchang, Hongshan, Xinzhou, Jiang'an, Hanyang, Jiangxia, Qiaokou, Jianghan, Qingshan, Caidian, Dongxihu, and Hannan District were 8.55, 8.19, 8.04, 7.39, 5.78, 4.84, 4.37, 4.04, 3.90, 3.30, 2.87, 2.42, and 0.66 billion RMB (1 RMB = 0.1417 USD On 14 October 2019), respectively. These economic benefits added up to 64.35 billion RMB (95% CI: 45.15 to 82.02 billion RMB), accounting for 4.80% (95% CI: 3.37% to 6.12%) of the total GDP of Wuhan in 2017. Therefore, in the process of formulating a regional air quality improvement scheme, apart from establishing hierarchical emission-reduction standards and policies, policy makers should give integrated consideration to the relationship between regional economic development, environmental protection and residents' health benefits. Furthermore, for improving air quality, air quality compensation mechanisms can be established on the basis of the status quo and trends of air quality, population distribution, and economic development factors.
基于国家空气质量监测站点的 PM 数据、当地人口数据和基线全因死亡率，使用健康影响和估值函数，调查了 2013-2017 年武汉实施《大气改善行动计划》带来的与 PM 相关的健康经济效益。评估了平均 PM 浓度降低所带来的年度避免过早死亡人数，并使用生命统计价值（VSL）方法计算了经济效益。结果表明，由于实施了《大气改善行动计划》，2013-2017 年武汉避免过早死亡人数为 21384 人（95%置信区间：15004 至 27255）。根据 VSL 方法，获得的黄陂区、武昌区、洪山区、新洲区、江岸区、汉阳区、江夏区、硚口区、江汉区、青山区、蔡甸区、东西湖区和汉南区的经济收益分别为 85.5 亿元、81.9 亿元、80.4 亿元、73.9 亿元、57.8 亿元、48.4 亿元、43.7 亿元、40.4 亿元、39.0 亿元、33.0 亿元、28.7 亿元、24.2 亿元和 0.66 亿元人民币（1 元人民币=0.1417 美元，2019 年 10 月 14 日）。这些经济收益总计 643.5 亿元人民币（95%置信区间：451.5 亿至 820.2 亿元人民币），占 2017 年武汉 GDP 的 4.80%（95%置信区间：3.37%至 6.12%）。因此，在制定区域空气质量改善方案时，除了制定分级减排标准和政策外，决策者还应综合考虑区域经济发展、环境保护和居民健康效益之间的关系。此外，为了改善空气质量，可以在空气质量现状和趋势、人口分布和经济发展因素的基础上，建立空气质量补偿机制。
