Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Ciberes, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Medicine, National Hospital "Arzobispo Loayza", Peruvian University 'Cayetano Heredia', Lima, Peru.
J Thorac Imaging. 2018 Sep;33(5):273-281. doi: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000343.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major health problem worldwide. The incidence of pneumonia increases with both age and the presence of specific risk factors, which lead to increased health care costs. However, although there is some controversy over the observed trend in CAP mortality over recent decades, it is clear that mortality in CAP patients who require intensive care unit care remains high. The increase in antibiotic resistance is an important global health problem that needs to be addressed, especially for pneumococcus the most frequent pathogen of CAP. The prudent use of current antibiotics will help to limit the spread of antibiotic resistant clones of pneumococcus. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations remain the primary strategy for the prevention of CAP, especially in an at-risk population. This article reviews CAP, with a focus on epidemiology, diagnosis, prognostic factors, microbial etiology, therapy, complications, and prevention.
社区获得性肺炎（CAP）仍然是全球范围内的一个主要健康问题。肺炎的发病率随着年龄的增长和特定危险因素的存在而增加，这导致了医疗保健成本的增加。然而，尽管近年来 CAP 死亡率的观察趋势存在一些争议，但需要重症监护病房治疗的 CAP 患者的死亡率仍然很高。抗生素耐药性的增加是一个重要的全球健康问题，需要加以解决，特别是对于肺炎球菌这种最常见的 CAP 病原体。谨慎使用现有的抗生素将有助于限制肺炎球菌耐药克隆的传播。肺炎球菌和流感疫苗接种仍然是预防 CAP 的主要策略，特别是在高危人群中。本文综述了 CAP，重点介绍了其流行病学、诊断、预后因素、微生物病因、治疗、并发症和预防。
