Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Nutrition. 2018 Nov;55-56:140-145. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.04.002. Epub 2018 Apr 20.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cancer patients changing their diet in relation to cancer site, sex, age and geographic distribution. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the rationale behind dietary changes and to identify sources of information in order to plan specific educational training.
Patients ≥18 y of age who accessed the Italian Cancer Patients, Families and Friends Association information points were invited to participate. An ad hoc self-report questionnaire was used. The questionnaire asked patients about changes made to the major food groups. A minimum sample of 100 patients for the most common cancers was planned. We analyzed 1257 questionnaires. We assessed the prevalence of, reasons for, and type of dietary changes. Logistic regression was used to analyze the main determinants of dietary changes.
Of the 1257 patients, 705 (56.1%) reported changes since receiving the diagnosis of cancer. On the logistic regression analysis, age and tumor site were significantly associated with dietary changes (P <0.001), mainly in patients <50 y of age and in those with upper gastrointestinal cancers. Slightly more than half (50.8%) of patients adopted a healthier diet, with 31.3% doing so to deal with eating-related side effects and 17.9% due to cancer sites. Regardless of the reasons for changing, the most common food items to result in a decrease in consumption were alcohol, red and processed meats, and sugary drinks. Only 15% of patients reported receiving specific nutrition indication.
Italian patients are attentive to the importance of diet during cancer treatment. Personal choices reflect some indications for cancer prevention as there is still a shortage of guidelines for a correct diet during treatment. Nutrition indications are rarely given within the oncologic center.
本研究旨在调查癌症患者改变饮食的流行情况，包括与癌症部位、性别、年龄和地理分布的关系。此外，我们旨在探讨饮食变化的原因，并确定信息来源，以便为特定的教育培训计划提供依据。
邀请年龄≥18 岁的意大利癌症患者、家属和朋友协会信息点的患者参与。使用专门的自我报告问卷。问卷询问患者主要食物组的变化情况。计划对最常见的癌症进行最小样本量为 100 例的研究。我们分析了 1257 份问卷。我们评估了饮食变化的流行率、原因和类型。使用逻辑回归分析饮食变化的主要决定因素。
在 1257 名患者中，705 名（56.1%）报告自诊断癌症以来发生了饮食变化。在逻辑回归分析中，年龄和肿瘤部位与饮食变化显著相关（P<0.001），主要发生在<50 岁的患者和上消化道癌症患者中。略多于一半（50.8%）的患者采用了更健康的饮食，其中 31.3%是为了应对与饮食相关的副作用，17.9%是因为癌症部位。无论改变的原因是什么，导致消费减少的最常见食物是酒精、红色和加工肉类以及含糖饮料。只有 15%的患者报告接受了特定的营养指导。
意大利患者在癌症治疗期间重视饮食的重要性。个人选择反映了一些癌症预防的指示，因为仍然缺乏治疗期间正确饮食的指南。营养指导在肿瘤中心很少提供。
