Szabo Attila
Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Eur J Psychol. 2018 Jun 19;14(2):296-316. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v14i2.1545. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Exercise addiction is widely studied in sport science and psychology, but at this time it is not recognized as an independently diagnosable mental or psychiatric disorder. Indeed, studies on exercise addiction assess a level of risk for disordered exercise behaviour, characterized by lack of control and negative personal consequences. It is argued that commitment and passion are two overlapping features of high exercise involvement which obscure the fine line between healthy and unhealthy exercise. The present case study examined a successful female body builder who initially claimed that she was addicted to exercise. During an interview she also completed three questionnaires and her appraisal of well-being in eight life domains were assessed at present, as well as retrospectively before her intensive involvement with exercise. She was screened under the Non-Substance Related Disorders category of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders classification of DSM-5 for gambling, by replacing the word "gambling" with "exercise". Although she was susceptible to exercise addiction, attained high scores on obsessive passion, exhibited more than four symptoms on the DSM list, she exhibited no signs of loss of control and she mainly reported positive experiences associated with her exercise behaviour. She has obtained a nearly maximum score on commitment to exercise and high score on harmonious passion. Almost all aspects of her life have changed in positive direction after getting intensely involved in exercise. This case illustrates that the current scholastic path to the study of exercise addiction may be obscured by ambiguous assumptions and unilateral quantitative focus.
运动成瘾在体育科学和心理学领域得到了广泛研究，但目前它尚未被认定为一种可独立诊断的精神或心理障碍。事实上，关于运动成瘾的研究评估了无序运动行为的风险程度，其特征是缺乏控制以及产生负面的个人后果。有人认为，投入和热情是高强度运动参与的两个重叠特征，这模糊了健康运动与不健康运动之间的界限。本案例研究考察了一位成功的女性健美运动员，她最初声称自己对运动成瘾。在一次访谈中，她还完成了三份问卷，并对她目前在八个生活领域的幸福感进行了评估，同时也回顾了她在开始高强度运动之前的情况。根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）中物质相关及成瘾性障碍分类下的非物质相关障碍类别，通过将“赌博”一词替换为“运动”，对她进行了赌博筛查。尽管她易患运动成瘾，在强迫性热情方面得分较高，在DSM列表上表现出四种以上症状，但她没有表现出失控的迹象，并且主要报告了与她的运动行为相关的积极体验。她在运动投入方面获得了几乎满分，在和谐热情方面得分很高。在开始高强度运动后，她生活的几乎所有方面都朝着积极的方向发生了变化。这个案例表明，目前运动成瘾研究的学术路径可能被模糊的假设和单方面的定量关注所掩盖。
