较高的全谷物摄入量与中年男女 2 型糖尿病风险降低相关：丹麦饮食、癌症和健康队列研究。

Higher Whole-Grain Intake Is Associated with Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Middle-Aged Men and Women: The Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort.

机构信息

Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2018 Sep 1;148(9):1434-1444. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy112.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxy112

PMID:30016529

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes is a major health concern worldwide. Whole grains and cereal fiber may offer protective effects on type 2 diabetes risk. However, few studies have been conducted in cohorts with detailed information on whole-grain cereal intakes and product types and with wide ranges of intake.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the associations between whole-grain intake, including intakes of different cereal types and products, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a population with wide and diverse whole-grain intake.

METHODS

We used data from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort including 55,465 participants aged 50-65 y at baseline. Of these, 7417 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during follow-up (median: 15 y). Detailed information on the intake of whole-grain products was available from a food-frequency questionnaire, and total whole-grain intake and whole-grain cereal types (wheat, rye, oats) were calculated in grams per day. Associations were examined by using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Whole-grain intake was associated with an 11% and 7% lower risk of type 2 diabetes per whole-grain serving (16 g) per day for men and women, respectively [HR (95% CI)-men: 0.89 (0.87, 0.91); women: 0.93 (0.91, 0.96)]. For men, the intake of all whole-grain cereal types investigated (wheat, rye, oats) was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but only wheat and oats intake was significantly associated for women. Among the different whole-grain products, rye bread, whole-grain bread, and oatmeal/muesli were significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes for both men and women.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort study, we found consistent associations between high whole-grain intake and lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Overall, an association was found for all different cereals and whole-grain products tested.

摘要

背景

2 型糖尿病是全球范围内的一个主要健康问题。全谷物和谷物纤维可能对 2 型糖尿病风险有保护作用。然而，在具有详细全谷物摄入量和产品类型信息以及广泛摄入量的队列中进行的研究很少。

目的

我们在一个全谷物摄入量广泛且多样化的人群中，调查了全谷物摄入量（包括不同谷物类型和产品的摄入量）与 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关系。

方法

我们使用了丹麦饮食、癌症和健康队列的数据，该队列包括 55465 名年龄在 50-65 岁的参与者。在这些参与者中，有 7417 人在随访期间被诊断为 2 型糖尿病（中位数：15 年）。全谷物产品摄入量的详细信息可从食物频率问卷中获得，总全谷物摄入量和全谷物谷物类型（小麦、黑麦、燕麦）以每天克数计算。使用 Cox 比例风险模型进行关联检验，并调整了潜在混杂因素。

结果

男性和女性每天每摄入一份（16 克）全谷物，患 2 型糖尿病的风险分别降低 11%和 7%[男性 HR（95%CI）：0.89（0.87，0.91）；女性：0.93（0.91，0.96）]。对于男性，所调查的所有全谷物谷物类型（小麦、黑麦、燕麦）的摄入量均与 2 型糖尿病风险降低显著相关，但对于女性，仅小麦和燕麦的摄入量与 2 型糖尿病风险降低显著相关。在不同的全谷物产品中，黑麦面包、全麦面包和燕麦片/燕麦片与男性和女性患 2 型糖尿病的风险降低显著相关。