DiLalla Lisabeth F, DiLalla David L
Family and Community Medicine,Southern Illinois University School of Medicine,Carbondale,IL,USA.
Office of the Provost,Southern Illinois University School of Medicine,Carbondale,IL,USA.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2018 Aug;21(4):285-288. doi: 10.1017/thg.2018.30.
Play among peers is an important developmental context for child socialization. We have earlier shown that children at genetic risk for aggression were more likely to be treated aggressively by unfamiliar peers during peer play, reflecting genotype-evoked behaviors manifested during play. In this study, 118 5-year-old twin pairs were paired randomly with an unfamiliar, same-age, same-sex child, thus controlling for parent- and child-chosen environments (passive and active rGE). Twins played separately from each other with unmatched children. Play behaviors were coded for aggressive and assertive behaviors. Children were also independently rated by parents for rule-breaking problem behaviors at age 5, and 97 children were rated again on these behaviors 2-10 years later. Analyses showed that children at genetic risk for early rule-breaking were more likely to have partners who behaved more aggressively, suggesting that this was evoked behavior during play. Some evidence of an 'early bloomer' phenomenon emerged via early difficult temperament and parent-rated delinquency significantly predicting later delinquency. Children's play, which is one of the most important influences on early development, requires further study from an rGE perspective.
同伴间的玩耍是儿童社会化的一个重要发展背景。我们之前已经表明，具有攻击性行为遗传风险的儿童在同伴玩耍期间更有可能受到陌生同伴的攻击，这反映了在玩耍过程中表现出的基因诱发行为。在这项研究中，118对5岁的双胞胎被随机与一个陌生的、同龄、同性别的孩子配对，从而控制了父母和孩子选择的环境（被动和主动基因-环境交互作用）。双胞胎与不匹配的孩子分开玩耍。对玩耍行为进行攻击性行为和 assertive 行为的编码。父母还独立对孩子5岁时的违规问题行为进行评分，97名儿童在2至10年后再次接受这些行为的评分。分析表明，具有早期违规遗传风险的儿童更有可能拥有行为更具攻击性的伙伴，这表明这是玩耍期间的诱发行为。通过早期困难气质和父母评定的犯罪行为显著预测后期犯罪行为，出现了一些“早熟者”现象的证据。儿童的玩耍是对早期发展最重要的影响之一，需要从基因-环境交互作用的角度进行进一步研究。 注：这里“assertive”直译为“坚定自信的”，但在行为编码语境下可能需结合具体专业内容更准确理解其含义，整体译文尽量忠实原文表述。
