Kikukawa Hiroshi, Sakuradani Eiji, Ando Akinori, Shimizu Sakayu, Ogawa Jun
Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
J Adv Res. 2018 Feb 8;11:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.02.003. eCollection 2018 May.
The filamentous fungus 1S-4 is capable of accumulating a large amount of triacylglycerol containing C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Indeed, triacylglycerol production by 1S-4 can reach 20 g/L of culture broth, and the critical cellular signaling and structural PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) comprises 30%-70% of the total fatty acid. The demonstrated health benefits of functional PUFAs have in turn encouraged the search for rich sources of these compounds, including fungal strains showing enhanced production of specific PUFAs. Screening for mutants and targeted gene manipulation of 1S-4 have elucidated the functions of various enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis and established lines with improved PUFA productivity. In some cases, these strains have been used for indistrial-scale production of PUFAs, including ARA. In this review, we described practical ARA production through mutant breeding, functional analyses of genes encoding enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in the production of specific PUFAs through molecular breeding of 1S-4.
丝状真菌1S-4能够积累大量含有C20多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的三酰甘油。实际上，1S-4产生的三酰甘油可达20克/升培养液，关键的细胞信号传导和结构性PUFA花生四烯酸（ARA）占总脂肪酸的30%-70%。功能性PUFAs已证实的健康益处反过来促使人们寻找这些化合物的丰富来源，包括显示出特定PUFAs产量增加的真菌菌株。对1S-4进行突变体筛选和靶向基因操作，阐明了参与PUFA生物合成的各种酶的功能，并建立了具有提高的PUFA生产力的品系。在某些情况下，这些菌株已用于PUFAs（包括ARA）的工业规模生产。在本综述中，我们描述了通过突变育种实现ARA的实际生产、对参与PUFA生物合成的酶的编码基因进行功能分析，以及通过1S-4的分子育种在特定PUFAs生产方面的最新进展。
