无膜细胞器的分子语言。
The molecular language of membraneless organelles.
机构信息
From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
出版信息
J Biol Chem. 2019 May 3;294(18):7115-7127. doi: 10.1074/jbc.TM118.001192. Epub 2018 Jul 25.
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells organize their intracellular components into organelles that can be membrane-bound or membraneless. A large number of membraneless organelles, including nucleoli, Cajal bodies, P-bodies, and stress granules, exist as liquid droplets within the cell and arise from the condensation of cellular material in a process termed liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Beyond a mere organizational tool, concentrating cellular components into membraneless organelles tunes biochemical reactions and improves cellular fitness during stress. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular underpinnings of the formation and regulation of these membraneless organelles. This molecular understanding explains emergent properties of these membraneless organelles and shines new light on neurodegenerative diseases, which may originate from disturbances in LLPS and membraneless organelles.
摘要
真核细胞将其细胞内成分组织成细胞器，可以是膜结合的或无膜的。大量无膜细胞器，包括核仁、卡哈尔体、P 体和应激颗粒，以细胞内的液滴形式存在，并通过细胞物质在称为液-液相分离 (LLPS) 的过程中凝聚而产生。除了作为一种单纯的组织工具外，将细胞成分浓缩到无膜细胞器中可以调节生化反应，并在应激期间提高细胞的适应性。在这篇综述中，我们提供了这些无膜细胞器的形成和调节的分子基础的概述。这种分子理解解释了这些无膜细胞器的新兴特性，并为神经退行性疾病提供了新的视角，这些疾病可能起源于 LLPS 和无膜细胞器的紊乱。
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