SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018 Sep;15(9):523-542. doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0061-5.
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
心脏衰老表现为功能下降，导致心力衰竭。在细胞水平上，衰老涉及到心肌细胞和非心肌细胞的复制能力下降和细胞过程的失调。各种外在参数，如生活方式和环境，整合了重要的信号通路，如涉及炎症和氧化应激的信号通路，以及内在的分子机制，这些机制是抵抗还是促进细胞衰老的基础。在衰老的生物体中，减轻心脏功能下降需要激活增强的维持和修复能力，从而克服保持年轻表型的内在内在局限性。解析细胞功能和更新失调的分子机制揭示了潜在的干预靶点，可以减轻细胞和系统水平上的退行性过程，从而提高我们老龄化人口的生活质量。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了外在和内在因素在心脏衰老中的作用。总结了心脏衰老的动物模型，接着概述了目前和可能的未来治疗方法，以减轻心脏衰老的有害影响。
