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本文引用的文献

1
Emergence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Serovar Typhi Clone Harboring a Promiscuous Plasmid Encoding Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Third-Generation Cephalosporins.广泛耐药血清型 Typhi 菌株的出现，该菌株携带可编码对氟喹诺酮类和第三代头孢菌素耐药性的混杂质粒。
mBio. 2018 Feb 20;9(1):e00105-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00105-18.
2
Validation of a traditional preparation against multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhi and its protective efficacy in S. Typhimurium infected mice.验证一种传统制剂对多重耐药伤寒沙门氏菌的作用及其在感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的小鼠中的保护效果。
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Mar;99:286-289. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.057.
3
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Producing CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.刚果民主共和国伤寒沙门氏菌血清型 Typhi 产生 CTX-M-15 型超广谱β-内酰胺酶。
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 1;65(7):1229-1231. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix342.
4
Pefloxacin as a surrogate marker for quinolone susceptibility in serovars Typhi & Paratyphi A in India.在印度，氟哌酸可作为伤寒血清型 Typhi 和副伤寒血清型 Paratyphi A 对喹诺酮类药物敏感性的替代标志物。
Indian J Med Res. 2017 May;145(5):687-692. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_494_16.
5
In vitro efficacy and in silico analysis of cefixime-ofloxacin combination for Salmonella Typhi from bloodstream infection.头孢克肟-氧氟沙星联合用药对血流感染伤寒沙门菌的体外疗效及计算机模拟分析
J Appl Microbiol. 2017 Sep;123(3):615-624. doi: 10.1111/jam.13522.
6
Antibiogram of serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A: a multi-centre study from India.伤寒血清型和甲型副伤寒血清型的抗菌谱：一项来自印度的多中心研究。
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2012 Apr-Jun;1(2):182-188. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.206930.
7
Rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever.伤寒和副伤寒（肠道）热的快速诊断检测
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 26;5(5):CD008892. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008892.pub2.
8
Treatment Response in Enteric Fever in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Individual Patient Data Analysis of 2092 Participants Enrolled into 4 Randomized, Controlled Trials in Nepal.抗菌药物耐药性不断增加时代伤寒的治疗反应：对尼泊尔4项随机对照试验中纳入的2092名参与者的个体患者数据分析
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Jun 1;64(11):1522-1531. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix185.
9
Characterisation of antimicrobial resistance in during 2014-2015 from four centres across India: An ICMR antimicrobial resistance surveillance network report.2014 - 2015年印度四个中心抗菌药物耐药性特征：印度医学研究理事会抗菌药物耐药性监测网络报告。
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2017 Jan-Mar;35(1):61-68. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_382.
10
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Cephalosporin-Resistant Serovar Typhi.耐头孢菌素伤寒杆菌血清型的全基因组鸟枪法测序
Genome Announc. 2017 Mar 9;5(10):e01639-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01639-16.

伤寒热：发展中国家实验室检测问题、治疗选择及管理方面的担忧

Typhoid fever: issues in laboratory detection, treatment options & concerns in management in developing countries.

作者信息

Veeraraghavan Balaji, Pragasam Agila K, Bakthavatchalam Yamuna D, Ralph Ravikar

机构信息

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.

Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.

出版信息

Future Sci OA. 2018 Jun 26;4(6):FSO312. doi: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0003. eCollection 2018 Jul.

DOI:10.4155/fsoa-2018-0003
PMID:30057789
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6060388/
Abstract

Multidrug-resistant subsp. serovar Typhi (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole), was significantly reduced with the increased usage of fluoroquinolones and azithromycin. This has led to declining multidrug resistance rates in India with increasing ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility rates and clinical failures due to azithromycin. However, for the available agents such as ceftriaxone, azithromycin and fluoroquinolones, the dose and duration for treatment is undefined. The ongoing clinical trials for typhoid management are expected to recommend the defined dose and duration for better clinical outcome. We made an attempt to summarize the issues in laboratory detection, treatment options and responses, and the concerns in clinical practice seen in the developing countries.

摘要

耐多药伤寒杆菌亚种血清型伤寒杆菌（对氨苄西林、氯霉素和复方新诺明耐药），随着氟喹诺酮类药物和阿奇霉素使用量的增加而显著减少。这导致印度耐多药率下降，但环丙沙星不敏感率和阿奇霉素导致的临床治疗失败率却在上升。然而，对于头孢曲松、阿奇霉素和氟喹诺酮类等现有药物，治疗的剂量和疗程尚未明确。正在进行的伤寒治疗临床试验有望推荐明确的剂量和疗程，以获得更好的临床疗效。我们试图总结发展中国家在实验室检测、治疗选择和反应以及临床实践中所面临的问题。