Larkum Matthew E, Petro Lucy S, Sachdev Robert N S, Muckli Lars
Neurocure Center for Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany.
Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Front Neuroanat. 2018 Jul 17;12:56. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00056. eCollection 2018.
This review article addresses the function of the layers of the cerebral cortex. We develop the perspective that cortical layering needs to be understood in terms of its functional anatomy, i.e., the terminations of synaptic inputs on distinct cellular compartments and their effect on cortical activity. The cortex is a hierarchical structure in which feed forward and feedback pathways have a layer-specific termination pattern. We take the view that the influence of synaptic inputs arriving at different cortical layers can only be understood in terms of their complex interaction with cellular biophysics and the subsequent computation that occurs at the cellular level. We use high-resolution fMRI, which can resolve activity across layers, as a case study for implementing this approach by describing how cognitive events arising from the laminar distribution of inputs can be interpreted by taking into account the properties of neurons that span different layers. This perspective is based on recent advances in measuring subcellular activity in distinct feed-forward and feedback axons and in dendrites as they span across layers.
这篇综述文章探讨了大脑皮质各层的功能。我们提出这样一种观点，即需要从功能解剖学的角度来理解皮质分层，也就是说，突触输入在不同细胞区室的终止情况及其对皮质活动的影响。皮质是一种层次结构，其中前馈和反馈通路具有层特异性的终止模式。我们认为，只有从突触输入与细胞生物物理学的复杂相互作用以及随后在细胞水平发生的计算的角度，才能理解到达不同皮质层的突触输入的影响。我们将高分辨率功能磁共振成像（fMRI，它可以分辨各层的活动）作为一个案例研究，通过描述如何通过考虑跨越不同层的神经元特性来解释由输入的层状分布产生的认知事件，来实施这种方法。这一观点基于在测量不同前馈和反馈轴突以及跨越各层的树突中的亚细胞活动方面的最新进展。
