Department of Psychology, Penn State University Abington, Abington, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 3;13(8):e0201183. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201183. eCollection 2018.
The present research examined people's responses towards others' exclusion experience. The authors predicted that both causal attributions and empathy would mediate whether people affiliate with a victim of an ambiguous exclusion experience. Perceivers observing another's exclusion (relative to inclusion) without clearly announced reasons chose to affiliate with the target and this was mediated by increased external attributions for the exclusion (Studies 1a, 1b, 2). When the attributions people made for the exclusion of a target was experimentally manipulated, internal attributions decreased desire for affiliation relative to external or ambiguous attributions, and this was mediated by differences in empathy for the target (Study 3). Further, external attributions arisen from perceiving a causally unclear exclusion leads to an empathetic response which results in an increased desire to affiliate with the target (Study 4). Future directions on perceptions of those who have been excluded are discussed.
本研究考察了人们对他人被排斥经历的反应。作者预测，因果归因和同理心都会影响人们是否与一个受到模糊排斥经历的受害者产生联系。观察者在没有明确宣布原因的情况下观察到另一个人的排斥（相对于包容），选择与目标产生联系，这是由对外归因的增加所介导的（研究 1a、1b、2）。当人们对目标被排斥的归因被实验操纵时，与外部或模糊归因相比，内部归因会降低与目标产生联系的欲望，这是由对目标的同理心差异所介导的（研究 3）。此外，由于感知到因果关系不明确的排斥而产生的外部归因会导致同理心反应，从而增加与目标产生联系的欲望（研究 4）。本文还讨论了对那些被排斥的人的看法的未来方向。
