Rosenthal Martin D, Patel Jayshil, Staton Kyle, Martindale Robert G, Moore Frederick A, Upchurch Gilbert R
Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 10019, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0019, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018 Aug 4;20(9):40. doi: 10.1007/s11894-018-0647-4.
Fish oil (FO) supplementation has historically been used by individuals suffering from cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory processes. However, a meta-analysis of several large randomized control trials (RCTs) suggested FO conferred no benefit in reducing cardiovascular risk. Skeptics surmised that the lack of benefit was related to FO dose or drug interactions; therefore, the widely accepted practice of FO consumption was brought into question.
Thereafter, Serhan et al. identified specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) to be one of the bioactive components and mechanisms of action of FO. SPMs are thought to enhance resolution of inflammation, as opposed to classic anti-inflammatory agents which inhibit inflammatory pathways. Numerous diseases, including persistent Inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolic syndrome (PICS), are rooted in a burden of chronic inflammation. SPMs are gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents used to resolve inflammation in cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, pancreatitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This narrative reviews the history of FO and the various studies that made the health benefits of FO inconclusive, as well as an overview of SPMs and their use in specific disease states.
鱼油（FO）补充剂历来被患有心血管疾病和其他炎症性疾病的人使用。然而，对几项大型随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析表明，鱼油在降低心血管风险方面并无益处。怀疑者推测，缺乏益处与鱼油剂量或药物相互作用有关；因此，广泛接受的食用鱼油的做法受到了质疑。
此后，塞尔汗等人确定了专门的促解决介质（SPM）是鱼油的生物活性成分和作用机制之一。与抑制炎症途径的经典抗炎药不同，SPM被认为可增强炎症的消退。许多疾病，包括持续性炎症、免疫抑制和分解代谢综合征（PICS），都源于慢性炎症负担。SPM作为用于解决心血管疾病、炎症性肠病、败血症、胰腺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）中炎症的潜在治疗剂正越来越受到关注。本叙述性综述回顾了鱼油的历史以及使鱼油对健康有益性结论不确定的各种研究，以及SPM的概述及其在特定疾病状态中的应用。
