Valenti Maria Teresa, Dalle Carbonare Luca, Mottes Monica
Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37100, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37100, Italy.
World J Stem Cells. 2018 Jul 26;10(7):78-81. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i7.78.
The transcription factor is the osteogenic master gene expressed in mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic commitment as well as in pre-osteoblasts and early osteoblasts. However, is also ectopically expressed in melanoma and other cancers. Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly metastatic skin cancer. The incidence of MM has increased considerably in the past half-century. The expression levels and mutation rates of genes such as , , , , , and are higher in melanoma than in other solid malignancies. Additionally, transcription factors can affect cellular processes and induce cellular transformation since they control gene expression. Recently, several studies have identified alterations in expression. In particular, the regulation of by and the increased expression of in melanoma specimens have been shown. Melanocytes, whose transformation results in melanoma, arise from the neural crest and therefore show "stemness" features. plays an important role in the re-activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, thus endowing melanoma cells with a high metastatic potential. In melanoma, the most frequent metastatic sites are the lung, liver, brain and lymph nodes. In addition, bone metastatic melanoma has been described. Notably, studies focusing on may contribute to the identification of an appropriate oncotarget in melanoma.
转录因子是在间充质干细胞向成骨细胞定向分化过程中以及在前成骨细胞和早期成骨细胞中表达的成骨主控基因。然而，它也在黑色素瘤和其他癌症中异位表达。恶性黑色素瘤（MM）是一种具有高度转移性的皮肤癌。在过去的半个世纪里，MM的发病率大幅上升。与其他实体恶性肿瘤相比，黑色素瘤中诸如、、、、、和等基因的表达水平和突变率更高。此外，转录因子可以影响细胞过程并诱导细胞转化，因为它们控制基因表达。最近，几项研究已经确定了表达的改变。特别是，已经显示了在黑色素瘤标本中对的调控以及的表达增加。黑色素细胞由神经嵴产生，其转化会导致黑色素瘤，因此具有“干性”特征。在丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/AKT）信号通路的重新激活中起重要作用，从而赋予黑色素瘤细胞高转移潜能。在黑色素瘤中，最常见的转移部位是肺、肝、脑和淋巴结。此外，也有骨转移性黑色素瘤的报道。值得注意的是，针对的研究可能有助于在黑色素瘤中确定合适的癌靶标。
