İnci Gözde, Baysal Serpil Uğur, Şişman Ali Rıza
Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey.
Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Social Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey.
Turk Pediatri Ars. 2018 Mar 1;53(1):37-44. doi: 10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.5963. eCollection 2018 Mar.
Children are commonly affected by environmental tobacco smoke. The presence of exposure can be deduced from urinary urine kotinine/creatinine ratio and history. The aim of this study was to investigate passive smoking in healthy children between one-month and five year old, and to determine the adverse effects of passive smoking on child health.
Children between one-month and five year old who were regularly monitored for health were included following informed consent given by their parents. The questionnaire method was used. Demographic variables, respiratory tract infections, recurrent infections were questioned. The levels of cotinine, creatinine were measured and the cotinine/creatinine ratios were calculated in urine specimens taken from the children. Growth status and infection frequency were determined using demographic data, cotinine/creatinine ratios in urine, exposure rate to second-hand tobacco smoke of the children.
The ratio of household smokers was 70.3%, the ratio of non-smokers was 29.7%. Fifty percent of the mothers were smokers. Urinary cotinine/creatinine ratios were found to be significantly higher in children of smokers compared with children of non-smokers (p=0.011). One third of the children was evaluated as passive smokers. The presence of a smoker at home and the increase in the number of cigarettes smoked during the day increased the frequency of acute respiratory infections (p=0.047).
In these regularly-monitored preschool children, we found frequent exposure to cigarette smoke. This study contributes to national data and will aid in increasing the awareness for the deleterious effects of passive smoking on child health.
儿童常受环境烟草烟雾影响。可根据尿中可替宁/肌酐比值及病史推断接触情况。本研究旨在调查1个月至5岁健康儿童中的被动吸烟情况，并确定被动吸烟对儿童健康的不良影响。
在获得家长知情同意后，纳入定期接受健康监测的1个月至5岁儿童。采用问卷调查法。询问人口统计学变量、呼吸道感染、反复感染情况。测量可替宁、肌酐水平，并计算从儿童采集的尿液标本中的可替宁/肌酐比值。利用人口统计学数据、尿中可替宁/肌酐比值、儿童二手烟草烟雾暴露率确定生长状况和感染频率。
家庭吸烟者比例为70.3%，非吸烟者比例为29.7%。50%的母亲为吸烟者。发现吸烟者的孩子尿中可替宁/肌酐比值显著高于非吸烟者的孩子（p = 0.011）。三分之一的儿童被评估为被动吸烟者。家中有吸烟者以及白天吸烟数量增加会增加急性呼吸道感染的频率（p = 0.047）。
在这些定期监测的学龄前儿童中，我们发现他们频繁接触香烟烟雾。本研究为国家数据做出了贡献，并将有助于提高对被动吸烟对儿童健康有害影响的认识。
