Song Xinyu, Wang Yunpeng, Diao Jinjin, Li Shubin, Chen Lei, Zhang Weiwen
Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1080:215-238. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_9.
Hydroxy acids have attracted attention as building block chemicals due to their roles as precursors for the production of various pharmaceuticals, vitamins, antibiotics, and flavor compounds as well as monomers for biodegradable plastic polyesters. The current approach to hydroxy acid production relies on nonrenewable fossil resources such as petroleum for raw materials, raising issues such as the rising costs of starting materials and environmental incompatibility. Recently, synthetic biology approaches based on the rational design and reconstruction of new biological systems were implemented to produce chemicals from a variety of renewable substrates. In addition to research using heterotrophic organic carbon-dependent Escherichia coli or yeasts, photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria possessing the ability to absorb solar radiation and fix carbon dioxide (CO) as a sole carbon source have been engineered into a new type of microbial cell factory to directly produce hydroxy acids from CO. In this chapter, recent progress regarding the direct photosynthetic production of three important hydroxy acids-3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP), 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3-HV)-from CO in cyanobacteria is summarized and discussed.
由于羟基酸作为各种药物、维生素、抗生素和香料化合物生产的前体以及生物可降解塑料聚酯的单体，它们作为基础化学品受到了关注。目前生产羟基酸的方法依赖于不可再生的化石资源，如石油作为原料，这引发了起始原料成本上升和环境不兼容性等问题。最近，基于合理设计和重建新生物系统的合成生物学方法被用于从各种可再生底物生产化学品。除了使用依赖异养有机碳的大肠杆菌或酵母进行的研究外，光合微生物，如具有吸收太阳辐射并将二氧化碳（CO）作为唯一碳源固定能力的蓝细菌，已被改造成一种新型的微生物细胞工厂，以直接从CO生产羟基酸。在本章中，总结并讨论了蓝细菌中从CO直接光合生产三种重要羟基酸——3-羟基丙酸（3-HP）、3-羟基丁酸（3-HB）和3-羟基戊酸（3-HV）的最新进展。
