Dundee Institute for Healthcare Simulation, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, UK.
Dundee Institute for Healthcare Simulation, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, UK.
Am J Surg. 2018 Dec;216(6):1114-1117. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.07.051. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
There are reports of visual strains and associated symptoms when operating in a 3D laparoscopic environment. We aimed to study the extent of visual symptoms seen in 3D versus conventional 2D imaging in volunteers performing laparoscopic tasks and study the effect of eye exercises on 3D laparoscopy.
Twenty four consented laparoscopic novices were required to undergo a visual acuity test (Snellen chart) and eye deviation test (Maddox Wing). A battery of specific isolated laparoscopic tasks lasting 30 min was developed to test their ability to detect changes in 2D and 3D environments separately. Before and after the 2D and 3D laparoscopic tasks, subjects were asked to complete a standardised questionnaire designed to scale (from 0 to 10) their visual symptoms (blurred vision, difficulty in refocusing from one distance to another, irritated or burning eyes, dry eyes, eyestrain, headache and dizziness). Participants who underwent 3D laparoscopic tasks were randomized into two groups, those who received two minutes eye exercises before performing the tasks and those who didn't. Independent t-test was used for the statistical analysis of this study.
Visual symptoms and eye strain were significant in 2D (p < 0.01) and difficulty in refocusing from one distance to another was significant in 3D laparoscopic imaging (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect of the simple eye exercises on relieving the visual symptoms in the 3D group.
Visual symptoms were present in both 2D and 3D imaging laparoscopy. Eye strain was prominent in 2D imaging, while difficulty in refocusing from one distance to another was prominent in 3D. Eye exercises for 3D visual symptoms did not bring any significant improvement.
在 3D 腹腔镜环境中操作时，有报道称会出现视觉紧张和相关症状。我们旨在研究在执行腹腔镜任务的志愿者中，3D 与传统 2D 成像相比，视觉症状的程度，并研究眼保健操对 3D 腹腔镜的影响。
需要 24 名同意的腹腔镜新手接受视力测试（Snellen 图表）和眼偏斜测试（Maddox Wing）。开发了一系列特定的孤立腹腔镜任务，持续 30 分钟，以分别测试他们在 2D 和 3D 环境中检测变化的能力。在进行 2D 和 3D 腹腔镜任务之前和之后，要求受试者完成一份标准化问卷，以评估他们的视觉症状（视力模糊、难以从一个距离重新聚焦到另一个距离、眼睛刺痛或灼热、眼睛干燥、眼睛疲劳、头痛和头晕）的严重程度（从 0 到 10）。接受 3D 腹腔镜任务的参与者被随机分为两组，一组在执行任务前进行两分钟的眼保健操，另一组不做。这项研究的统计分析采用独立 t 检验。
2D 腹腔镜成像中存在视觉症状和眼疲劳（p<0.01），而 3D 腹腔镜成像中难以从一个距离重新聚焦到另一个距离（p<0.05）。单纯眼保健操对缓解 3D 组的视觉症状没有显著效果。
2D 和 3D 腹腔镜成像中均存在视觉症状。2D 成像中眼疲劳明显，而 3D 成像中难以从一个距离重新聚焦到另一个距离明显。3D 视觉症状的眼保健操并没有带来明显的改善。
